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MONTEZUMA II. 292 MONTFEBRAT arranged by her mother, with an old judge, she eloped with a Captain James, whom in July, 1837, she married, but the marriage ended in a separation. She ap- peared as a dancer in London and other European capitals. In 1846, at Munich, she captivated the eccentric King Louis I., who created her Countess of Lands- feld, and allowed her $25,000 a year. For more than a year she was all-power- ful, her power directed in favor of Lib- eralism and against the Jesuits; but the revolution of 1848 sent her once more adrift. Again she married (this time a Lieutenant Heald), a marriage as un- lucky as the first. She died, a penitent, in Astoria, L. L, on Jan. 17, 1861. MONTEZUMA (mon-te-zo'ma) II., surnamed XocojOTziN, or "The Young- er," 9th King of Mexico; born about 1476. He was elected on the death of his grandfather, in 1502. He had distin- guished himself as a general, and at the time of his election held the office of high priest. He dropped the mask of moderation and humility, was crowned with more than usual pomp. He dismissed from his court and palace all plebeians, and gave their employments to persons of noble birth, alienating the affections of his subjects. He carried on almost continual wars with the neighboring provinces. In 1519, Cortez and the Spaniards invaded the empire and ap- proached the capital. Montezuma sent presents and complimentary messages to them, but was in the utmost terror. He at length went with a magnificent cortege to meet Cortez, and conducted him into the city, where, after eight days of ceremonious civilities, Cortez made Montezuma his prisoner, and had irons put on his legs. They were, how- ever, soon removed, and he professed him- self the vassal of Charles V. He re- mained inflexible in the matter of reli- gion. Left by Cortez, in 1520, in charge of Alvarado, and a small body of Span- iards, severe conflicts took place in the city, which were renewed on the return of Cortez. The Mexicans assaulted the city and Montezuma, while standing on the walls, exhorting his subjects to sub- mit, was wounded by Mexican arrows, and by the blow of a stone, before the Spaniards could save him. He refused all food and attendance to his wounds, and died June 30, 1520. MONTFERRAT (mon^r-fer-ra'), for- merly an independent duchy of Italy, between Piedmont, Milan, and Genoa, now forming part of the kingdom of Italy. It consisted of two separate por- tions, both lying between the Maritime Alps and the Po. The capital was Ca- sale. After the downfall of the Frankish empire, Montferrat was ruled by its own marquises till the beginning of the 14th century. This house sent its most illvis- MONTEZUMA trous sons to take part in the Crusades, especially Conrad, the defender of Tyre against Saladin, and Boniface,^ ruler of Thessalia. lolande or Irene, sister and heiress of the last male of the house.