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munkIcs 349 MUNSTERBERa milk is considered well within the legiti- mate scope of municipal enterprise, even by people otherwise against too wide a broadening of municipal ownership. Of the political parties the Progressives have stood for a considerable extension of the principle of ownership, while the Socialists consider it one of the funda- mental planks of their platform. MUNKACS (mon-kach'), a market- town of Hungary, at the foot of the Carpathians, 101 miles N. E. of Debre- czin; has mines of iron and rock-crystals, called Hungarian diamonds. The citadel, built on an isolated height, resisted the imperial arms for three years (1685- 1688); and having fallen in 1848 into the hands of the Hungarians was captured by the Russians in the following year. It is now a state prison. Pop. about 18,000. MUNKACSY, MICHAEL (mon'ka- che), a Hungarian painter, whose real surname was Lieb; born in Munkacs, Hungary, Oct. 10, 1846. He went as a turner's apprentice to Vienna, and studied painting there, at Munich, and at Diisseldorf, and in 1872 settled in Paris. He visited New York in 1886. Except a few portraits, his works are nearly all genre pictures. The best-known ex- amples of his work are "Milton Dictat- ing 'Paradise Lost' to His Daughters," "Christ before Pilate," "Crucifixion," and "Mozart's Last Moments." He died in Bonn, Germany, May 1, 1900. MITNROE, CHARLES EDWARD, chemist; bom in Cambridge, Mass., in 1849, he graduated from Harvard in 1871, acting as assistant in chemistry till 1874. He was professor in chemistry at the U. S. Naval Academy from 1874 to 1876, and chemist to the torpedo corps, U. S. Naval Torpedo Station and War College 1886-1892. Became dean of fac- ulty at George Washington University in 1893, president of American Chemical Society in 1898, and special agent of U. S. Census Bureau 1905 and 1910. In 1911 he published "A Primer on Explo- sives for Coal Miners." MUNROE, HENRY SMITH, mining engineer; born in Brooklyn, in 1850, he was educated at Columbia University, and became assistant geologist of the Ohio State Geological Survey in 1870, and chemist in the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1870. He was assistant geologist and mining engineer in the geological survey of Yezo, Japan, from 1872 to 1875, professor of geology and mining, University of Tokyo, 1875-1876, and adjunct professor of surveying and practical mining at Columbia 1877 to 1891. From 1891 to 1915 he was pro- fessor of mining at Columbia, emeritus professor in 1915. MUNSEY, FRANK ANDREW, Amer- ican publisher; bom at Mercer, Me., Aug. 21, 1854. Educated at public schools. Was manager of a telegraph office in Augusta. Me. He came to New York in 1882 and edited and published "The Golden Argosy" magazine. At first a juvenile publication, he changed it to a story magazine for adults, as "The Argosy." "Munsey's Weekly" started in 1889, developed into "Munsey's Maga- zine'* in the year 1901. As the first popular illustrated magazine of standard size to be sold for ten cents it attained a great circulation and was widely im- itated. Mr. Munsey owns and controls "The Argosy," "Munsey's Magazine," "The Rail Road Man's Magazine," "The All-Story Weekly," "The Baltimore News," "The Sun," New York, and in 1920 acquired "The New York Herald" and "The Evening Telegram." Mr. Mun- sey has writen several novels and books for boys. His works are "Under Fire" (1890); "Afloat in a Great City" (1887); "The Boy Broker" (1888); "Tragedy of Errors" (1889); "Derring- forth" (1894). MITNSTER, province in Ireland, an- cient kingdom of the O'Briens of Thom- ond, occupying S. W. of island. Contains counties Waterford, Tipperary, Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick. Watered by Shannon, Suir, Blackwater, and Lakes of Killamey. Had famous medieval school at Ross Carbery. Area, 9,532 square miles. Pop. about 1,000,000. MUNSTER, a town of Prussia, capital of the province of Westphalia; in a plain on the Aa; 78 miles N. N. E. of Cologne. It was once fortified, but the fortifica- tions have been converted into prome- nades. The principal edifices are the cathedral, the church of St. Lamhert, the town house, the exchange, museum, theater, etc. The manufactures include woolen, linen, and cotton goods, etc. Miinster was long governed by independ- ent bishops, in whom a warlike spirit was often more conspicuous than a Chris- tian spirit. The most memorable events in the history of the town occurred in 1532-1585, when it fell into the hands of the Anabaptists. Pop. about 90,000. MiJNSTERBERG. HUGO, a German American psychologist; bom in Danzig in 1863, died in America in 1916. After receiving his doctorate at Leipsic in 1885, he taught psychology at Freiburg from 1887-1892. In the latter year he came to America as professor of psychol- Vol. VI — Cyc — w