are covered with mountain mahogany, dwarf cedar, willow, beech, cottonwood, and wild cherry. Apple, peach, pear, and plum trees flourish and bear excellent fruit. Stocky raising and dairy farming are leading industries.
Manufactures.—The State has not been developed along manufacturing lines to any considerable extent. There were, in 1914, 180 manufacturing establishments, employing about 3,655 wage earners. The capital invested amounted to $13,591,000 and the wages paid to $3,578,000. The value of the materials used was $9,317,000 and the value of the finished product amounted to $16,083,000. The principal articles of manufacture include railroad cars, dairy products, flour and grist, printed material, saddlery and harness, clothing, chemicals, boots and shoes, brick and tile, wagons and carriages, confectionery, lumber and timber products, and salt.
Banking.—On Oct. 31, 1919, there were ten National banks in operation, having $1,435,000 in capital, $1,583,379 in outstanding circulation, and $1,216,510 in United States bonds. There were also 23 State banks, with $1,678,000 in capital and $401,000 surplus.
Education.—There was a school population in 1918 of 14,441 and an average daily attendance of 11,014. The total expenditures for educational purposes amounted to $504,474. For higher education there were public high schools at Austin, Carson City, Elko, Eureka, Gold Hill, Reno, and Virginia City, and the State University of Nevada at Reno.
Churches.—The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic; Protestant Episcopal; Mormons; Methodist Episcopal; and Presbyterian.
Finances.—The total receipts for the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $2,174,188 and the disbursements to $2,245,764. The largest expenditures were for schools, highways and administration. The State debt amounts to about $717,000.
Transportation.—The total railway mileage in 1919 was 2,483. The roads having the longest mileage were the Southern Pacific and the Western Pacific.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of four years. Legislative sessions are held biennially. The Legislature had 17 members in the Senate and 37 members in the House. There is one Representative in Congress.
History.—Nevada is part of the territory acquired by the United States from Mexico, by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The first immigrants were the Mormons, who located in the Carson and Washoe valleys in 1848. The discovery of gold in California in the following year brought more settlers, and the discovery of silver still added to Nevada's growth. It was organized as a Territory March 2, 1861, and admitted to the Union in 1864. In 1866 its area was increased to the present size by the addition of parts of Arizona and Utah.
NEVADA, a city of Missouri, the county-seat of Vernon co., 103 miles S. of Kansas City, and is situated on the Missouri Pacific, and the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroads. Within its limits are several important mineral springs. It contains a Roman Catholic convent school, a State hospital for the insane and several other public and semi-public institutions. It is the center of an important agricultural and stock-raising industry. It has zinc smelters, iron works, flour and lumber mills. Pop. (1910) 7,175; (1920) 7,139.
NEVADA, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational, non-sectarian institution at Reno. The following statistics were compiled at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 48; students, 379; volumes in the library, 40,000; production funds, $305,737; number of graduates, 586; president, W. E. Clark, Ph.D.
NEVERS (nē-ver′), the capital of the French department of Nièvre, formerly of the province of Nivernais. It is picturesquely seated on a hillside, 600 feet above sea-level, at the influx of the Nièvre to the Loire, 159 miles S. S. E. of Paris. The Noviodunum of Cæsar, it has been the seat of a bishop since 506; its beautiful cathedral, restored in 1879, belongs mainly to the 13th century. The stately court house, dating from 1475, was formerly the castle of the Dukes of Nevers. The city contains a fine public garden, a bridge of 14 arches over the Loire, a medieval gateway, and a triumphal arch (1746) commemorating Fontenoy. The industries comprise the manufacture of cannon, iron cables and chains, porcelain (introduced by Italians about 1565). Pop. about 28,000.
NEVIN, ETHELBERT, an American composer and brother of A. F. Nevin. Born at Edgeworth, Pa., 1862. Studied music, first under local teachers and afterward in Berlin under Von Bülow and Karl Klindworth. He returned to America in 1887, making his home in Boston, where he produced many musical compositions. After 1893 he traveled in Europe, but spent most of his time in Paris and southern France. Returned to the United States in 1901, and was associated with Professor Parker in the department of music of Yale University. His songs and instrumental pieces are distinguished
