Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/511

NEW BRUNSWICK 425 NEWCASTLE sisting of seven members, a legislative council of 18 members appointed for life, and a Legislative Assembly. The Province has 10 seats in the Dominion Senate and 16 in the House of Com- mons. Religion is abundantly provided for, as is education, both high and ele- mentary. The latter is free, but not compulsory. New Brunswick was dis- covered by Sebastian Cabot in 1498; it formed, with Nova Scotia, the French colony of Acadia (1604-1713) ; was twice ceded to the British (1713 and 1763) ; received Tory settlers from the United States at the close of the Revo- lution; was erected into a separate Prov- ince in 1786; was granted responsible government in 1848; and in 1867 be- came an original Province of the Domin- ion of Canada. The capital is Frederic- ton, but the chief commercial center is St. John (pop. about 65,000), which has one of the finest harbors on the North Atlantic. NEW BRUNSWICK, a city and county-seat of Middlesex co., N. J.; on the Raritan river, the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and the Pennsylvania railroad ; 32 miles S. of New York. Here are Rutger's College (Reformed), Theo- logical Seminary of the Reformed Church, Wells Memorial Hospital, pub- lic libraries, electric street railroads, daily and weekly newspapers, and sev- eral National banks. The principal manufactures are hosiery, cari>ets, wall- paper, shoes, harness, rubber goods, medical supplies, automobile supplies, cigars, boilers, etc. Pop. (1910) 23,388; (1920) 32,779. NEWBTJRGH, a city of Orange co., N. Y. ; on the Hudson river, and on the Erie, the West Shore, and the New York Central and Hudson River railroads; 60 miles N. of New York. The Hudson river here expands into Newburgh Bay, about 8 miles long and 2 miles wide. The city is built on sloping ground ris- ing 300 feet above river-level. It con- tains St. Luke's Hospital, a public li- brary. Masonic Temple, an academy, Na- tional and savings banks, Home for the Friendless, Home for Children, water- works, and electric light and street rail- road plants. It is a shipping point for grain, dairy products, flour, coal, etc. It also has flour, cotton, woolen and plas- ter mills, tanneries, and manufactories of machinery, etc. Washington's Head- quarters, an old stone mansion, with many relics of the Revolutionary War, is a noted attraction, and near by is a anique Trophy Memorial. The first set- tlement was made in 1709. Pop. (1910) 27,805; (1920) ?" "70 NEWBURY, a market-town of Berk- shire, England, on the Kennet, 17 miles W. by S. of Reading, and 55 from London. It has an old church built in the reign of Henry VII. The grammar school claims King John for its founder (1216). The town has many ancient and wealthy charities. It was incorporated by Elizabeth in 1596. Two hard-fought battles took place here in the Great Re- bellion — one in 1643; the other in 1644. Pop. about 13,000. NEWBURYPORT, a city, port of entry, and one of the county-seats of Essex CO., Mass. ; on the Merrimac river, and on the Boston and Maine railroad; 37 miles N. E. of Boston. It contains the Putnam Free School, Anna Jacques Hos- pital, high school, public library, an Old Ladies' Home, Marine Museum, the house in which William Lloyd Garri- son was born, the Old South Church, where the remains of Whitefield are buried, electric light and street railroad plants, daily and weekly newspapers, and National and savings banks. It has manufactories of machinery, cotton goods, boots and shoes, fiber braid, col- lars and cuffs, hats, and silverware. Fop. (1910) 14,949; (1920) 15,618. NEW CALEDONIA, an island in the Pacific Ocean; about 800 miles E. of Australia. It is of volcanic origin and is surrounded by sand bars and coral reefs. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1774, and appropriated by the French as a convict settlement in 1854. The capital is Noumea, near the S. end of the island, with a fine harbor. The island is mountainous, well watered and wooded, and yields coffee, maize, to- bacco, sugar-cane, grapes, manioc, and pineapples. Stock-raising is an impor- tant industry. The climate is hot but healthy. There are nickel mines, and also mines of copper and cobalt, consid- erable quantities of which are raised and exported, as also chrome, copra, cof- fee, etc. With the adjacent Loyalty Islands the area is estimated at 7,700 square miles. The native population, of Melanesian race, and cannibals, has di- minished greatly since the French occu- pation. A considerable trade has been developed in recent years. There is a railroad from Noumea to Bourail (90 miles). There is steamship communica- tion with Sydney. Pop. about 50,000. NEWCASTLE, a city of Indiana, the county-seat of Henry co., 44 miles by rail N. E. of Indianapolis. It is situ- ated on the Blue river, and on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis, the Fort Wayne, Cincinnati and