ing 40,000 by wounds and disease. The present constitution was amended in 1875, and again in August, 1900, when the suffrage was amended so that after Jan. 1, 1908, no one who came of age that year or afterward, who is unable to read and write, can vote.
NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS, an institution maintained by the State of North Carolina at West Raleigh for the promotion of scientific agriculture and industrial education. The main courses are in chemistry, civil and electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. There is no arts and science course, the studies being all technical. The State maintains an agricultural experiment station at West Raleigh to co-operate with the college. Both the State and the United States appropriate money for the support of the institution. The grounds and buildings, including a large farm property, are valued at about $1,100,000, while the total enrolment in 1915 was 702.
NORTH CAROLINA, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Chapel Hill, N. C., founded in 1795; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 105; students, 1,316; volumes in the library, 85,000; grounds and buildings valued at $290,000; benefactions, $1,000; income, $325,427; president, H. W. Chase, Ph. D.
NORTH DAKOTA, a State in the North Central Division of the North American Union; bounded by Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Montana; admitted to the Union, Nov. 2, 1889; counties, 53; capital, Bismarck; area, 70,195 square miles; pop. (1890) 182,719; (1900) 319,146; (1910) 577,056; (1920) 646,872.
Topography.—The surface of the State is chiefly undulating prairie with occasional low hills. The great plateau of the Missouri extends across the State E. of the Missouri river, and the Turtle Mountains on the Canadian border contain the highest points in the State, Butte St. Paul, 2,500 feet, and Bear Butte, 2,400 feet. The principal rivers are the Missouri, navigable throughout the State, and formed by the affluents Yellowstone, Little Missouri, Heart and Cannon Ball; the Mouse entering North Dakota from Canada and returning after a long circuit; the James river, the longest unnavigable river in the world; the Cheyenne; and the Red River of the North, forming the E. boundary. This river flows through a broad level plain, 50 to 60 miles wide and suffi- ciently elevated to be free from inundation, and containing some of the richest bottomland mould. The James river valley is one of the most noted artesian well districts in the world. There are numerous small lakes, but the only important one is Devil's Lake in the Turtle Mountains, an inland sea, with saline water and no visible outlet.
Geology.—The entire State has been inundated several times, the glacial drift being overlaid with lake mud. The entire Red river valley is the bed of an extensive lake, and railroad excavations have found lake shore lines, with sand and gravel beds. The W. portion of the State is underlaid with lignite, a brown coal, which burns readily and makes superior gas. Natural gas has been found, and brick and potter's clay are widely distributed. The Turtle Mountain region contains valuable building stone, and the Red river valley salt, limestone, hydraulic cement, and iron.
Soil and Agriculture.—The soil, especially in the Red river district, is exceedingly fertile, the clay subsoil being nearly as fertile as the topsoil, and both free from stones. The principal forest trees are oak, birch, aspen, cottonwood, ash, willow, box-elder, plum, and bull-cherry.
The production and value of the leading crops in 1919 were as follows: corn, 16,764,000 bushels, valued at $23,470,000; oats, 38,400,000 bushels, valued at $25,728,000; barley, 14,950,000 bushels, valued at $16,146,000; wheat, 53,613,000 bushels, valued at $129,207,000; rye, 15,560,000 bushels, valued at $18,828,000; hay, 908,000 tons, valued at $12,803,000; potatoes, 5,607,000 bushels, valued at $9,072,000.
Manufacturers.—There were in 1914 609 manufacturing establishments in the State. The average number of wage earners was 3,275. The capital invested amounted to $14,213,000. Wages paid amounted to $2,416,000. The value of materials used was $14,482,000, and the value of products was $21,147,000. The principal articles of manufacture include flour and grist (70 mills), printing and publishing, masonry, saddlery and harness, packed meat, tobacco and cigars, railroad cars, carriages and wagons, millinery, clothing, dairy products, foundry and machine shop products, timber and lumber, furniture, fire brick, and hydraulic cement.
Banking.—On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 174 National banks in operation, having $6,515,000 in capital, $4,255,316 in outstanding circulation and $4,367,030 in United States bonds. There were also 706 State banks, with
