$11,515,000 in capital, $3,824,000 surplus, and $143,664,000 in resources.
Education.—There was a school population in 1918 of 200,532. The enrolment in the public schools was 162,572, with an average daily attendance of 114,542. There were 7,712 teachers receiving an average monthly salary of $45.70. For higher education there were Northwestern Normal College at Grand Forks, Fargo College at Fargo, University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, and the Wesley College at Grand Forks. The schools had an endowment of land valued at about $50,000,000.
Churches.—The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic; Lutheran, Independent Synods; Methodist Episcopal; Presbyterian; Regular Baptist; Congregational; and Lutheran, General Council.
Railroads.—The total railway mileage of main track line in 1919 was 1,445. There were about 360 miles of secondary main line and about 3,400 of branch lines. The roads having the longest mileage are the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, and the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie.
Finances.—The receipts for the year ending 1918 amounted to $7,571,519 and the disbursements to $7,688,133. There was a balance at the end of the year of $1,369,607. The State has a bonded indebtedness of $412,000.
Charities and Corrections.—The charitable and correctional institutions include a reform school at Mandan, a penitentiary at Bismarck, hospital for the insane at Jamestown, school for deaf at Devils Lake, institution for feeble-minded at Grafton, school for the blind at Bath Gate, and tuberculosis institute at Dunseith.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of two years and receives a salary of $5,000 per annum. Legislative sessions are held biennially and are limited in length to 60 days each. There are 49 Senators and 113 Representatives. There are 3 representatives in Congress. In 1920 the State government was Republican.
History.—The first permanent white settlement was made in 1780 by a party of French Canadians, near Pembina. Fur trading posts were established early in the 19th century and Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1804-1805 in the present town of Mandan. In 1810 Lord Selkirk built a fort at Pembina, supposing it to be British soil. The region was first opened to settlement by a treaty with the Dakota Indians in 1851. In 1861 the Territory of Dakota was organized with Yankton as capital, and in- cluding Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. The territory was divided into North and South Dakota, and these admitted to the Union as States in 1889. In November of that year the State government was formed and the first legislature convened.
NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, an institution for the promotion of scientific studies, especially agriculture, founded in 1890 at Agricultural College, North Dakota. It is almost entirely supported by appropriations from the State. It has faculties of home economics, engineering, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and literature and science. The total enrolment in 1915 was 910. The endowment of the college consists of a land grant valued in 1919 at $3,500,000. The annual income is about $250,000. The library contains approximately 30,000 volumes.
NORTH DAKOTA, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Grand Forks, N. D., founded in 1883; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 89; students, 1,088; volumes in the library, 64,500; endowment, $2,250,000; grounds and buildings valued at $1,105,000; income, $500,000; number of graduates, 1,525; president, Thomas Franklin Kane, Ph.D., LL.D.
NORTHEAST PASSAGE, a passage for ships along the N. coasts of Europe and Asia to the Pacific Ocean. The first to make the complete voyage by this passage was the Swedish explorer Nordenskjöld.
NORTHERN BAPTISTS, the name applied to members of the Baptist Church who hold their membership in the Northern branch. From 1813 to 1845 the missionary activities of the Baptist churches were carried on by “The General Convention of the Baptist Denomination in America,” but in the latter year differences arose between the Northern and Southern Baptists about slavery which resulted in a division of the Baptist Church into the two branches. The Southern churches formed the “Southern Baptist Convention” which has continued to be their Missionary Society, while the Northern Baptists organized the “American Baptist Missionary Union.” In 1907 the Northern Baptists merged their Home and Foreign Missionary organization into the “Northern Baptist Convention.” In 1914 the communicants of the Northern branch of the Baptist Church numbered 1,238,323, the number of churches, 9,570, and 8,275 ministers. See Baptists.
