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PABTBIDGE 132 PASCAL lower breast with a rich chestnut horse- shoe-shaped patch on a ground of white ; sides and flanks barred with chestnut; thighs grayish white; legs and toes bluish white, claws brown. Length of adult male about 12 inches. It feeds on slugs, caterpillars, and grubs to a large extent, and so compensates the farmer for the injury it does. In the United States, any one of the several species belonging to the genus Colinus, including the bobwhite and other quail-like birds. Also a large bombard formerly used in sieges and defensive works. PABTBIDGE, WILLIAM OBDWAY, an American sculptor and writer on art; born in France, in 1861. Among his most notable works are: "Christ and St. John" (Brooklyn Museum of Fine Arts) ; "Hamilton" (Columbia University) ; "Shakespeare" and "Edward Everett Hale" (Chicago), and the Kaufmann and other memorial publications — "Art for America" (1894) ; "The Technique of the Sculptor" (1895), etc. PABTBIDGE WOOD, believed to be derived from various West Indian and South American trees, specially Andira inermis. It is beautifully variegated, and was formerly used in Brazil for ship- building. In dockyards it is called cab- bage wood. PASADENA, a city in Los Angeles CO., Cal.; on the Southern Pacific, Atchi- son, Topeka and Santa Fe and Salt Lake railroads; 9 miles N. E. of Los Angeles. It is a famous health resort, built at the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountains in a region of equable climate and such superb scenery that it has been named the "Italy of America." There being no marsh lands, malarial fevers and like ailments are entirely unknown. The soil of the region is very fertile and almost every kind of fruit belonging^ to temper- ate and semi-tropical climes is grown in great profusion. Pasadena contains the Throop Polytechnic Institute, high school, kindergartens, a public library, a number of churches, banks, and many_ hotels. There are large packing industries, can- neries, flour mills, and other manufac- tories. The city was settled by a colony from Indianapolis in 1874, since which time it has greatly developed in horti- cultural enterprises. Pop. (1910) 30,291; (1920) 45,334. PASCAGOULA, a navigable river in the S, E. part of Mississippi, and formed by the junction of the Leaf and Chicka- sawha. It flows 85 miles S. to a small bay of the same name on the Gulf of Mexico. PASCAL, BLAISE, a French author; born in Clermont, Auvergne, France, in 1623. His family was one of consider- able distinction, his grandfather having been a treasurer of France at Riom, and his father president of the Court of Aids, in Auvergne, From his earliest child- hood he exhibited precocious proofs of genius, especially in mathematics. At 12 years of age he was surprised by his father in the act of demonstrating, on BLAISE PASCAL the pavement by means of a rude dia- gram traced with a piece of coal, a prop- osition which corresponded to the 32d of the first book of Euclid. At the age of 16 he composed a small treatise on conic sections, which excited the admiration of Descartes. At 19 he invented his cele- brated arithmetical machine, and at 26 he had composed the greater part of his mathematical works, and made those brilliant experiments in hydrostatics and pneumatics, which have ranked him among the first natural philosophers of his age. But a strong religious impulse having been imparted to his mind at this period, he thenceforward devoted himself to theology and polemics, and to the pro- motion of the spiritual and temporal wel- fare of his fellow men. He retired to Port Royal in 1654, where he spent the remainder of his days. The two works by which he is best known are his "Pro- vincial Letters"; a caustic satire upon