Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 08.djvu/22

REUSS G REVEILLE the St. Gothard, flowing N. past Ander- matt and Amsteg, between which places its bed lies at the bottom of a wild and narrow gorge, spanned by the Devil's Bridge and other wonders of Swiss road- making, and entering the S. end of the Lake of Lucerne. This it leaves again at its N. end, at the town of Lucerne, and, still going nearly due N., reaches the Aar near Windisch (Aargau). Its length is 90 miles; its basin, 1,317 square miles. RETJSS, the name of two former sov- ereign principalities of Germany; be- tween the kingdom of Saxony on the E., the Prussian duchy of that name on the N., and Bavaria on the S. From 1666 the possessions of the House of Reuss were divided between the Elder and the Younger lines. The principality of Reuss-Greiz (the Elder line) was 122 square miles in ex- tent, and had about 75,000 inhabitants. The chief town is Greiz. The principal- ity of the Younger Line was Reuss- Schleiz-Gera. Area, 319 square miles; pop. about 150,000. Capital, Schleiz. Of both portions the surface is hilly, being traversed by the Frankenwald (Thuringer Wald), whose summits reach upward of 2,000 feet in height. The chief rivers are the Saale and the White Elster, the valleys of which are well cultivated. More than a third of each state is covered with forests; cattle are fattened on the extensive meadows; and woolen, cotton and silk goods are woven. The reigning prince of each state was a hereditary sovereign, and in each state always bore the name of Heinrich. He was the executive. Reuss-Greiz had a legislative assembly of 12 members, of whom nine were chosen by the people for six years; Reuss-Schleiz-Gera had an assembly of 16 members, of whom 12 were chosen for three years by the peo- ple. The two principalities became re- publics in 1918, and on Apr. 4, 1919, were merged into the People's State of iteuss. In December, 1919, the new state joined with six other smaller states to form the Federated State of Thuringia. RETJTERDAHL, HENRY, an Amer- ican naval artist, born in Sweden in 1871. He saw the intimate incidents of the Spanish-American War as a cor- respondent, in which capacity he also served during the World War. The variety of his experience has added no- tably to his equipment as a marine ar- tist. In 1913 he was attached to the battleship "Minnesota" on the South American cruise and he has had ten paintings hung in the permanent collec- tion at the United States Naval Acad- emy. He was the author of "Needs of the Navy" (1908), which precipitated a Senate investigation on account of its revelation of weakness present in the bureaucratic administration then in vogue in the service. He has been an instructor at the Art Students' League of New York and was the creator of many marine murals upon the better known private American yachts. He contributed many articles on naval top- ics, mostly illustrated by himself, to magazines, notably to "Collier's Week- ly," etc. RETTTLINGEN, a town of Wiirttem- berg; 8 miles E. by S. of Tubingen and 20 S. of Stuttgart. Many of its houses are old and picturesque. The Church of St. Mary (1247-1343), with a tower 243 feet high, is a noble Gothic edifice. Prior to the World War woolen and cot- ton yarns were spun, and cloth, leather, cutlery, hosiery, paper, etc., were man- ufactured. Reutlingen was formerly a free imperial town and a member of the Suabian League; it came to Wiirttem- berg in 1802. Pop. about 30,000. REVAL, or REVEL, a Russian sea- port; capital of the Republic of Estho- nia (q. v.) ; on a small bay on the S. side of the Gulf of Finland, opposite Helsingfors (52 miles distant), and 232 miles W. S. W. of St. Petersburg. It is divided into the (old) upper and (new) lower towns. The former con- tains the cathedral, the castle, governor's residence, and the houses of the (Ger- man) nobility. The new town extends outside the city wall. There are several mediaeval guild houses, in some of which are preserved valuable archives, and an important museum of antiquities. Prior to the World War, Reval exported cereals (chiefly oats), spirits, flax, and other commodities. There was little industry, brandy, vinegar, and wool being manu- factured to a small extent. Pop. (1910) 98,995. More than one-half were Es- thonians, and nearly one-fourth of Ger- man descent. Reval was founded by Waldemar II. of Denmark in 1219, and became a flourishing Hanse town. It was long held (from 1346) by the Li- vonian Knights, was made over to Swe- den in 1561, and was besieged by Peter the Great and annexed to the Russian empire in 1710. In 1713 a naval harbor was founded. In the course of the World War Reval was bombarded by the Ger- mans on different occasions. REVEILLE, the signal given in gar- risons at break of day, by beat of drum or sound of bugle, for the soldiers to rise and the sentinels to forbear chal-