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RICHARDS 37 RICHARDS sade, and the next year he was with his brother in Gascony; and in 1243 he married Sancha of Provence, sister of Queen Eleanor, and this second marriage drew him away from the baronage. In 1252 he refused the Pope's offer to sell him the crown of Sicily; but in 1257 he was elected by a majority titular king of the Romans, and was soon after- ward crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle ; and he was skilful enough to maintain a cer- tain hold on Germany, lavishing his wealth to maintain his own position and the dignity of the empire. In the great struggle which took place between Henry III. and his nobles Richard at first acted as a peacemaker. Subsequently, how- ever, he sided with his brother against Simon de Montfort; and he was taken prisoner at Lewes, and imprisoned for a year, till the battle of Evesham (1265) set him free. In 1267 he was a third time married, to Beatrice, niece of the Elector of Cologne. Richard died at Kirkham, April 2, 1272, broken-hearted at the loss of his eldest son, Henry, who was murdered at Viterbo by the Mont- forts, and immortalized by Dante. Two other sons died also without issue. RICHARDS, BRINLEY, a British pianist and composer; born in Carmar- then, Wales, in 1819; began to study music at the Royal Academy in London about 1835; and on the completion of his studies soon won a good position in London as a pianist and teacher of mu- sic. He was for many years a profes- sor of the Royal Academy. His compo- sitions for sacred and part songs and for the pianoforte won great popularity, especially his "God Bless the Prince of Wales." Richards bestowed much atten- tion on the study and encouragement of Welsh music. He died May 1, 1865. RICHARDS, JOSEPH WILLIAM, an American metallurgist, born in Oldbury, England, in 1864. He was educated at the Central High School of Philadelphia, the Lehigh University, University of Heidelberg, and the Mining Academy of Freiberg. Beginning with 1887 he was successively instructor, assistant profes- sor, acting professor, and professor of metallurgy at Lehigh University. From 1907 to 1910 he was also professor of electro-chemistry at the Franklin Insti- tute of Philadelphia. He frequently acted as legal expert in chemical and metallurgical cases. During the World War he was a member of the United States Navy Consulting Board. He was a member, and at times an officer, of many domestic and foreign scientific so- cieties. Among his publications are "Aluminium" (1887) ; "Metallurgical Calculations" (1906-7) ; "Non-ferrous Metals" (1908), etc. RICHARDS, LAURA ELIZABETH, an American writer of juvenile books, daughter of Julia Ward Howe; born in Boston, Mass., in 1850. She published a great number of children's books, among them: "Five Mice" (1880); "Our Baby's Favorite" (1881); "Tell-Tale from Hill and Dale" (1886); and "To- to's Merry Winter" (1887) ; "Captain January" (1890) ; "Nautilus" (1895) ; "Love and Rocks" (1898); "Snow White" (1900) ; "Letters and Journals of Sam- uel Bridley Howe" (1906-1909); "Two Noble Lives" (1911); "Julia Ward Howe" (1915) (with her sister Maude Howe Elliott). "Daughter of Jehu" (1918); "Joan of Arc" (1919). RICHARDS, THEODORE WILLIAM, an American chemist, born at German- town, Pa., in 1868. He was educated at Haverford College, and the universities of Gottingen and Leipzig, and received many honorary degrees from many Amer- ican and foreign universities. From 1894 to 1901 he was assistant professor and after that, professor of chemistry, at Harvard University. From 1903 to 1911 he was chairman of the chemical depart- ment of this institution and in 1912 be- came director of the Gibbs Memorial Laboratory. In 1907 he served as ex- change professor from Harvard at the University of Berlin, in 1908 he was Lowell lecturer, and in 1902 became re- search associate of the Carnegie Institu- tion. During the World War he was a member of the National Research Council and consulting chemist of the Bureau of Mines. With the help of his assistants he revised the atomic weights of many elements. His investigations covered im- portant branches of physical and inor- ganic chemistry, on which subjects he has published many important papers. He was a member and at times an officer of numerous American and foreign sci- entific societies. Besides the Davy medal of the Royal Society (1910), the Faraday medal of the Chemical Society (1911), the Willard Gibbs medal of the American Chemical Society (1912), and the Frank- lin medal of the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia (1915), he was also awarded the Nobel prize in chemistry in 1915. RICHARDS, WILLIAM TROST, an American landscape and marine painter; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 14, 1833. He was a student of Paul Weber and later studied in Europe, at Florence, Rome, and Paris. From 1878 till 1880, he had a studio in London, England. He was an honorary member of the National Academy. At the Metropolitan Museum,