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SOUTH KINGSTON 507 SOUTH SHETLANDS SOUTH KINGSTON, a town of Rhode Island, which includes West King- ston, the county-seat, and several other villages. It is on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford, and the Narragan- sett Pier railroads. It has manufactories of woolen and worsted goods. The village of Kingston is the seat of the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. It is the center of an important farming region and has also extensive fishing interests. Pop. (1910) 5,176; (1920) 5,181. SOUTH MILWAUKEE, a city of Wisconsin, in Milwaukee co. It is on the Chicago and Northwestern railroad. Its industries include the manufacture of steam shovels, dredges, mineral wool, veneers, electrical appliances, etc. Pop. (1910) 6,092; (1920) 7,598. SOUTH MOUNTAIN, a ridge of the Alleghanies, near Middletown, Frederick co., Md. ; the scene of a battle, Sept. 14, 1862, between the Union troops, under General Reno, composed of Reno's and Hooker's corps of General McClellan's army, and the Confederates, about 30,000 strong, under Generals Hill and Long- street, in which, after a desperate struggle continuing throughout the day, the Union forces were victorious. General Reno was killed in the action. SOUTH NOB, WALK, formerly a city of Connecticut, incorporated in 1913 with NORWALK (q. V.). SOUTH ORANGE, a village of New Jersey, in Essex co. It is on the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western railroad. It is entirely a residential place and has many handsome private residences. It is the seat of Seton Hall College. Pop. (1910) 6,014; (1920) 7,274. SOUTH PASADENA, a city of Cali- fornia, in Los Angeles co. It is on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Coast Line, the Salt Lake Route, and the Pa- cific Electric and Southern Pacific rail- roads. It is the center of an important fruit-growing region and has large os- trich farms. Pop. (1910) 4,649; (1920) 7,652. SOUTHPORT, a watering-place of Lancashire, England, incorporated in 1867; on the S. shore of the Ribble estu- ary, 18 miles N. of Liverpool. There are piers, bathing establishments, churches, a town hall, Cambridge Hall, the Atkinson Free Public Library and Art Gallery, etc. There are winter gardens with an aqua- rium; botanic gardens, covering upward of 20 acres, and containing a museum; and the Hesketh Public Park of 30 acres, with a meteorological institute. A small fishing village at the commencement of the 19th century, Southport is now a favorite winter resort for the surround- ing manufacturing centers. Pop. about 65,000. SOUTH PORTLAND, a city of Maine, in Cumberland co. It is on the Fore river and is opposite Portland, with which it is connected by a ferry and four bridges. Its industries include iron works, acid works, ship, railway, and machine shops, etc. It is the seat of the State School for Boys. Pop. (1910) 7,471; (1920) 9,254. SOUTH RIVER, a borough of New Jersey, in Middlesex co. It is on the South river and on the Raritan River railroad. Its chief industries are the manufacture of bricks, clay products, and fire-proofing materials. Pop. (1910) 4,772; (1920) 6,596. SOUTH SEA BUBBLE, a disastrous financial speculation which arose in Eng- land in the beginning of the 18th century. It originated with the directors of a joint- stock company, which, in consideration of certain exclusive privileges of trading to the South Seas, offered the government easier terms for the advance or negotia- tion of loans than could be obtained from the general public. In 1720 the proposal of the company to take over the entire national debt (at this time about $155,- 000,000) in consideration of receiving annually 5 per cent., was accepted, and the company promised in return for this privilege (as it was regarded) a pre- mium in their own stock of $37,500,000. Professing to possess extensive sources of revenue, the directors held out prom- ises to the public of paying as much as 60 per cent on their shares. It became soon apparent that such magnificent promises could never be fulfilled, and in a few months' time the collapse came which ruined thousands. The directors had been guilty of fraudulent dealings, and the chancellor of the exchequer and others in high positions were implicated. SOUTH SAINT PAUL, a city of Min- nesota, in Dakota co. It is on the Mis- sissippi river, and on the Chicago Great Western, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, and other railroads. It is the center of an important stock-raising re- gion and has extensive meat-packing establishments, car foundries, tanneries, etc. Pop. (1910) 4,510; (1920) 6,860. SOUTH SHETLANDS, a group of islands in the Antarctic Ocean, S. of South America, on the Antarctic circle; originally discovered by a Dutch seaman named Dirk Cherrits in 1599. The islands are uninhabited, and covered with snow the greater part of the year.