Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/20

TRINITY SUNDAY TRIPLET TRINITY SUNDAY, the Sunday after Whitsunday. It was definitely established as a Church festival by Pope John XXII. in 1334. All the principal feasts occur in the half-year between Advent Sunday and Trinity, and all the Sundays from Trinity to Advent are called Sundays after Trinity. TRINUCLEUS, the type genus of Tri- nucleidse. Body distinctly trilobed; mar- gin of head-shield composed of two la- mellae, and perforated by numerous formamina; genal angles prolonged into conspicuous spines, usually single, but forked in T. pongerardi; glabella promi- nent and pear-shaped with mere traces of lateral grooves; facial sutures rudimen- tary; cheeks tumid, and generally fur- nished on each side with a small tubercle seemingly representing the eyes; body rings six; tail triangular, with a distinct axis, and having its margin entire and striated. TRIO, a musical composition for three voices or for three instruments* TRIOXIDE, a term applied to an oxide in which one atom of the metal is combined with three atoms of oxygen, thus: chromium trioxide, CrOs. TRIPLE ALLIANCE, an alliance be- tween the States-General and England, against France, for the protection of the Spanish Netherlands; was ratified Jan. 23, 1668. Sweden joined the league, April 25, and it then became known as the Triple Alliance. Another called the Second Triple Alliance, betv/een Eng- land, France and Holland, to oppose the designs of Cardinal Alberoni, the Span- ish minister; signed by the English and French, Nov. 28, 1716, and by the Dutch at The Hague, Jan. 4, 1717. A Triple Alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and Austria, was concluded against France at St. Petersburg, Sept. 28, 1795. The fourth Triple Alliance was based on a treaty between Austria and Germany, concluded on Oct. 7, 1879, at Gastein. The alliance was defensive only, stipu- lating that in case of an attack by Russia on either of the signatories, the other was to assist with all its armed forces. In 1882 Bismarck succeeded in overcoming Italy's enmity toward Aus- tria and having her included in the alliance, which from then on was known as the "Triple Alliance," and which endured until the World War, when Italy espoused the cause of the Allies. The treaty creating the Alliance was not continuous, but was subject to renewal at regular intervals, the last renewal being made in 1912. The adherence of Italy to the Alliance was brought about by her fear of France, especially in Africa. The seizure of Tunis by France in 1881 was undoubtedly more responsi- ble for this action on the part of Italy than any other single factor. On the other hand, however, Austria's reten- tion of the territories in the southern Tyrol populated almost entirely by Ital- ians made it extremely difficult for Italy to assume even a diplomatic friendship for her northern neighbor. Eventually, after the outbreak of the World War, it was this side of the balance which weighed down heaviest, especially as France had, long before the war, come to an amicable agreement with Italy over their separate interests in north Africa. TRIPLE ENTENTE, the understand- ing between England, France and Rus- sia which caused England and France to support Russia when the latter was threatened by Austria and Germany shortly before the outbreak of the World War. The Triple Entente had its origin in a series of treaties and diplomatic understandings rather than in any one document. It evolved from a treaty be- tween France and Russia, signed in 1891, by which each of the two countries prom- ised economic and diplomatic support in case either should be attacked by an enemy. The following year this was strengthened by a military convention, which was still further strengthened into the Dual Alliance in 1894. The first steps toward including Great Britain in the understandings were taken in 1903, when an interchange of official visits was made between France and England, and the century-long mutual prejudices were overcome. In bringing about this better understanding no single indi- vidual had more influence than King Edward VII. In 1907 the mutual jeal- ousy between England and Russia was also reduced through an understanding which was arrived at between the two governments respecting their separate spheres of interest in Persia and other parts of Asia. This understanding may be said to have concluded the creation of what then became known as the Tripte Entente. TRIPLE STAR, a star which, under a powerful telescope, is resolved into three, often of different colors. Gamma Andromedae is a triple star. Its prin- cipal constituent is of the third magni- tude, and of an orange-yellow color. The two others seem like a single one be- tween the fifth and sixth magnitude; both are bluish. TRIPLET, in music, a combination of three notes to be played in the time