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WARD 287 WARD 1917, by the Playground and Recreation Association of America, to assist com- munities located near the camps in which American soldiers were being trained, to make provision for recreation facilities of the men in their free time. The service extended over the United States and it was estimated that over 600 communities had been organized to provide recreation and hospitality. There was great variety in the activities to which the community service dedicated itself. Dramas were staged and local artistic talent was called on to provide the personnel, where it could not be provided by the men them- selves. There were concerts, and many singers of note on various occasions gave their services. Pageants, more or less elaborate, and often of a kind to arouse the martial spirit of the men as well as to interest and instruct them were given. There were sporting carnivals, and athletic meets in which the men them- selves took the major part. Many families gave hospitality to the soldiers, most of whom, when in camp, were at a great distance from their homes. Clubs were established in great numbers and where they were not formed on the actual initiative or by the direct organization of the War Camp Community Service, they became affiliated with it and enjoyed the facilities it provided. The total number of Soldiers' and Sailors* Clubs established exceeded 500, of which something like 60 were for colored soldiers. The cen- tral office and headquarters of the Service were maintained in New York, in the vicinity of which were several of the largest camps. WAR, ClVUi. See Civil War, Amer- ican. WARD, SIR ADOLPHUS WILLIAM, an English educator, literary historian, and biographer; born in London, Dec. 2, 1837; was educated at Cambridge. He was Professor of History and English Literature at Owens College, Manchester (1866); principal (1890-1897); Vice- Chancellor of Victoria University (1886- 1890, and 1894-1896) ; Ford Lecturer at Oxford (1898) ; Master Peterhouse Col- lege, Cambridge, from 1900. He con- tributed to the "Encyclopaedia Britan- nica" and leading English reviews, and wrote: "The House of Austria in the Thirty Years' War" (1869) ; "Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth" (2 vols. 1875) ; "Lives" of Chaucer (1879) and Dickens (1882) in the "English Men of Letters" series; "Great Britain and Hanover" (Ford Lectures, 1899) ; translator of Curtius's "History of Greece" (5 vols. 1868-1873) ; and editor of "Pope's Poems" (Globe edition, 1869), and of Byron's Poems" (Chetham So- ciety's edition) ; "Germany, 1815-1900" (1916-1917). WARD, ARTEMAS, an American military officer; born in Shrewsbury, Mass., in 1727; was graduated at Har- vard College in 1748; entered public life at an early age as a representative to the General Assembly; and afterward be- came a member of the Executive Council. He served with distinction in the Revolu- tionary War, and was in command of the besieging forces at Boston till the ar- rival of General Washington, after which he was stationed with the right wing on Roxbury Heights. In consequence of impaired health he resigned his com- ' mission of Major-General, in April, 1776, but at the request of Washington con- tinued to serve till the end of May. He was elected chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas of Worcester county in 1776 ; was president of the Massachusetts Executive Council in 1777, and a member of the Legislature for 16 years; and served in Congress in 1791-1795. He died in Shrewsbury, Mass., Oct. 28, 1800. WARD, ARTEMUS. See BROWNE. Charles Farrar. WARD. ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS, an American novelist and poet; born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 31, 1844. In 1888 she married Herbert D. Ward, with whom she sometimes col- laborated. Among her books are: "The Gates Ajar" (1868), one of the most suc- cessful of American stories; "Men, Women, and Ghosts (1869) ; "The Silent Partner" (1871); "The Trotty Book" (1869); "The Story of Avis" (1877); "Old Maid's Paradise" (1879) ; "Beyond the Gates" (1883); "Dr. Zay" (1882); 'The Gates Between" (1887); "The Master of the Magicians" (1850) ; and ^ "Come Forth" (1890). Jointly with her husband she wrote: "Poetic Studies," verse (1885); "Songs of the Select World" (1885) ; and "The Struggle for Immortality" (1889), a volume of es- says. "The Story of Jesus Christ" (1897) ; "Walled In" (1907) ; She died in 1911. WARD, HENRY AUGUSTUS, an American naturalist; born in Rochester, N. Y., March 9, 1834; became assistant to Prof. Louis Agassiz at the Harvard Scientific School in 1854; studied in Paris and traveled through Europe and the Orient in 1855-1859; was Professor of Natural Sciences in Rochester Univer- sity in 1860-1865; and manager of gold mines in Montana and South Carolina in < 1866-1869. In 1870 he began to travel in various countries, making large and valuable cabinets of mineralogy and geology, which he distributed among the