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WHITBY 353 WHITE WHITBY, a seaport and market- town of England, in the North Riding of Yorkshire; on the Esk river, which forms the harbor, and is crossed by a swing bridge; 16 miles from Scarbor- ough. It has dockyards for the build- ing of ships, and commodious dry docks. Jet is collected here. Whitby was sev- eral times bombarded by German crui- sers during the World War. Pop. about 12,000. WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON, an American diplomatist; born in Homer, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1832. He was graduated at Yale in 1853; traveled in Europe; studied at Sorbonne and College de France, 1853-1854; attache to legation of the United States, St. Petersburg, 1854- 1855; studied in the University of Ber- lin, 1855-1856; Professor of History and ANDREW DICKSON WHITE English Literature University of Michi- gan, 1857-1863; returned to Sjrracuse and elected State Senator, in which ca- pacity (1863-1867) he introduced reports and bills codifying the schools laws, cre- ating a new system of normal schools, establishing a new health board in the city of New York, and incorporating Cornell University at Ithaca; chosen first president of that university, 1866; visited Europe to purchase books and apparatus therefor, and make special study of European educational methods; has in addition to the presidency filled the chair of modern history; was ap- pointed by President Grant commis- sioner to Santo Domingo to study and re- port on question of annexation, 1871; by the State of New York commissioner to Paris Exposition, 1878; by President Hayes minister to Berlin, 1879-1881; by President Harrison minister to St. Pe- tersburg, and continued under Phresident Cleveland, 1892-1894; appointed by President Cleveland member of the Ve- nezuelan Commission, 1895-1896; ambas- sador to Berlin under President Mc- Kinley, 1897; president of the American delegation to the International Peace Congress at The Hague in 1899. Mr. White was a regent of the Smithsonian Institution and an officer of the Legion of Honor of France. His principal works are: "The Warfare of Science" (1876); "History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom" (1897) ; "Eu- ropean Schools of History"; "The New Germany"; "The Work of Benjamin Hale" (1911). He died in 1918. WHITE, EDWARD DOUGLAS, an American jurist; born in the parish of Lafourche, La., Nov. 3, 1845; was edu- cated at Mount St. Mary's College, Md., and at the Jesuit College in New Or- leans. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate army. After the war he practiced law. He was State Senator of Louisiana in 1874; associate justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana in 1878; and United States Senator in 1889-1894. While still in the Senate he was ap- pointed an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court and became Chief Justice on the death of Melville W. Fuller in 1910. WHITE, GUiBERT, an English natu- ralist; born in Selborne, England, July 18, 1720. He wrote: "The Natural His- tory and Antiquities of Selborne in the County of Southampton" (1789) ; and a posthumous work edited from his papers, "The Naturalist's Calendar, with Obser- vations in Various Branches of Natural History" (1795). Many naturalists have published editions of his works with an- notations. John Burroughs wrote an in- troduction to the edition of 1895. His "Letters" were published in 1876. He died in Selborne, June 20, 1793. WHITE, HENRY, an American dij)- lomat and public official, born in Balti- more, Md., in 1850. He was educated in private schools in the United States and France, and took post-graduate studies at Harvard and Johns Hopkins. He en- tered the diplomatic service and was sec- retary of the American Embassy at Lon- don, from 1884 to 1905. He acted many times as charge. In 1887-1888 he repre- sented the United States at the Interna- tional Conference for the abolition of su- gar bounties, and also took part in many