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WRIGHT 455 WRIGHT Michael, Cornhill; St. Bride, Fleet street; as also the campanile of Christ Church, Oxford, In 1680 he was chosen president of the Royal Society, appointed in 1708 surveyor of the royal works, and from 1685 to 1700 represented various boroughs in Parliament. He died in Hampton Court, Feb. 25, 1723. Over the N. doorway of St. Paul's is a memorial tablet on which are the well- known words: ^ "Si monumentum re- quiHs, circumspice" (If you demand a monument, look round). See Saint Paul's. WRIGHT, CARROLL DAVIDSON, an American statistician; born in Dunbar- ton, N, H., July 25, 1840. After dis- tinguished service in the Civil War, he was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1872-1873; afterward chief of the State Bureau of Statistics, lecturer at Harvard University, United States Commissioner of Labor, 1885-1902, and completed the 11th United States census; was Honorary Professor of Social Economics in the Catholic Uni- versity of America (in 1895-1903) ; and Professor of Statistics and Social Eco- nomics, Columbian University (1900). Besides numerous addresses, pamphlets, and articles in reviews, he published: "Reports of Massachusetts Bureau of Labor" (15 vols. 1873-1888) ; "Census of Massachusetts" (1876-1877) ; "The Fac- tory System of the United States" (1882); reports of the United States Commissioner of Labor, including "In- dustrial Depressions" (1886), "Convict Labor" (1886), "Strikes and Lockouts" (1887), and "Railroad Labor"; "Out- line of Practical Sociology" (1899), etc. He was a leading authority on statistics. He died Feb. 20, 1909. WRIGHT, HAROLD BELL, an Amer- ican writer, born in Rome, N. Y., in 1872. He received an academic educa- tion, and from 1892 to 1897 he was a landscape painter. In the latter year he was ordained a minister of the Chris- tian church, and served as pastor in several cities in Kansas, Missouri, and other States. He retired from the min- istry in 1908. His first novel "That Printer of Udell's" (1903), was widely read. This was followed by "The Shepherd of the Hills" (1907); "The Calling of Dan Matthews" (1909) ; "The Uncrowned King" (1910); "The Win- ning of Barbara Worth" (1911) ; "The Eyes of the World" (1914); "The Re- Creation of Brian Kent" (1919). These books achieved a wider sale than those of any other American writer during the period in which they were written. WRIGHT, HORATIO GOUVER- NETJR, an American military officer; born in Clinton, Conn., March 6, 1820; was graduated at the United States Mili- tary Academy in 1841, and commissioned 2d lieutenant of engineers; for two years was instructor at the Mili- tary Academy; superintending engineer of the building of Fort Jackson, at Tortugas, Fla. (1846-1856) ; lighthouse engineer in Florida (1852-1853) ; as- sistant to the chief of engineers in Wash- ington (1856-1861) ; promoted major, April 6, 1861. He served through the entire Civil War, with an exceptionally brilliant record for leadership; became Brigadier-General of volunteers, Sept. 14, 1861, and took command of the De- partment of Ohio in August, 1862; com- manded a division at the battle of the Wilderness, May 5 and 6, 1864, and a corps at Spottsylvania Court House, May 9-12, and Cold Harbor, June 3; served as Major-General at the battle of Opequan Creek, Sept. 19, 1864, and con- tributed to the decisive victory at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864; received the brevet of Major-General in the United States army for his services at the capture of Petersburg, March 13, 1865; mustered out of the volunteer service, Sept. 1, 1866; returned to regular army duty as lieutenant-colonel of engineers, becoming Brigadier-General and chief of engi- neers, June 30, 1879, which rank he held at his retirement, March 6, 1884. He was co-author of "Report on the Fabrica- tion of Iron for Defenses," and died in Washington, D. C, July 2, 1899. WRIGHT, LUKE E., an American lawyer and public official, born in Ten- nessee, in 1846. He was admitted to the Tennessee bar, practiced law in Memphis, and served as attorney general of his native State for eight years. Froim 1900 to 1904 he was a member of the United States Philippine Commission, serving as its president from 1903 to 1904; from 1904 to 1906 governor-gen- eral of the Philippine Islands; from 1906 to 1907 United States ambassador to Japan; and from July 1908 to March 1909 Secretary of War in President Roosevelt's cabinet. WRIGHT, MRS. MABEL (OSGOOD) , an American writer on nature; bom in New York, in 1859. She wrote: "The Friendship of Nature," a series of out- door studies ; "Birdcraft," a book on New England birds; "Tommy- Anne: A Nat- ural History Story"; "Citizen Bird," a book for beginners; "The Dream Fox Story Book" (1900) ; "The Flowers and Ferns in Their Haunts" (1901); "The Open Window" (1908); "The Stranger at the Gate" (1913). WRIGHT, ORVILLE, an American inventor, brother of Wilbur Wright