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132 THE CONDOR Vol. XIX cure typical species of the eastern Cascade slopes. Good collections ?vere made at .Gate?vay and Haycreek, and some ?vork ?vas done on Foley Creek in a spur of the Blue Mountains east of Haycreek. Central Oregon lies between the Cascade and Blue mountains. The coun- try is a high plateau and the rivers flo?v through deep canyons. The Deschutes is the principal river fio?ving north. The John Day River and Willo?v Creek flo?v into the Columbia in GillJam County. Warm Spring River and the Meto- lius are the largest tributaries flo?ving into the Deschutes from the ?vest, while Fig. 49. CLIFFS ON WARM SPRING RIVER, NORTH-CENTRAL OREGON; SUITABLE NESTING SITES HERE AFFORDED FOR SAY PHOEBE, RAVEN, AND WESTERN RED'TAILED HAWK. Crooked River is the main tributary from the east. The former rises high in the Cascade Mountains, ?vhile the latter comes from the high Blue Mo?mtains. A considerable part of this high dry area is in the Upper Sonoran life zone. In northern Sherman and Gilliam counties there are still large areas of bunch- grass; but as this land is rapidly being broken up and the grazing land turned into ?vheat ranches, some of the Upper Sonoran species ?vill diminish in num- bers to be replaced by those Transition species ?vhich increase ?vith the culti- vation of the country. The most conspicuous and abundant plant of the Upper