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INDEX.




Aberdeen, Lord, and civil service reform, 285.
Accounts, British public, how audited, 144, how kept, 145; French public, how kept, 145; federal, how audited, 175-179; how kept formerly, 179.
Adams, John, on the constitutional balances, 12, 13: influence of, as President, 41; claim of originality for the Constitution, 55, 249.
Adams, Samuel, 209.
“Address” of early Presidents to Senate, 239.
Administration, talents for, not encouraged in U.S., 199, 200; questions of, now predominant, 203; divorced from legislation in U.S., 251-253; training necessary for, 255, 256; contrasted with legislation, 273, 274; not less important than legislation, 297; must be debated, 302; tendency towards widening sphere of national, 316, 317.
Alabama claims, in Senate, 51.
Alien and Sedition Laws, 21.
Amendment, difficulty of constitutional, 242, 243; extra-constitutional, 243.
“American system” of protective tariffs, 167.
Appointing power of Speaker of House, 103; history of, of Speaker, 104; accustomed use of, for party ends, 108.
Appropriation, bills, “general,” 150; former methods of, 151; stinginess of Congress in, 152, 159; bills, reported at any time, 153; bills, specially debated, 78, 154, 155, 183, 184; bills, in the Senate, 155-158.
Appropriations, debate of, 78, 154, 155, 183, 184; “white-button mandarins” on Committee on, 111; Committee on, consider estimates, 149; “permanent,” 152, 153; Committees on, relations between, and financial officers of the govt., 160-164; reports of Committee on, preferred to reports of Committee of Ways and Means, 174, 183, 184.
Audit of public accounts in England, 144; in U.S., 175-179.


Bagehot, Walter, on living reality and paper description of English Constitution, 10; description of Parliament by, applied to Congress, 44; on time required for opinions, 130; on public opinion, 187; on House of Lords, 220; on bicameral system, 221, 222; on technicalities of constitutional interpretation in U.S., 243; on questions asked in the Commons, 300; on influence of Geo. III. on Constitution of U.S., 309; on multiplicity of authorities in American Constitution, 309, 310.
Balance, between state and federal powers, See ‘Federal and State governments;’ between judiciary and other branches of federal govt., 34 et seq.; between state legislatures and the Senate, 40; of the people against their representatives, 40; of presidential electors against the people, 40; between Executive and Congress, 41; between Senate and House of Representatives, real, 228.
Balances of the Constitution, ideal, 52; present state of, 53; at variance with inevitable tendency to exalt representative body, 311.