dently this form of energy of position is transmuted into heat when we burn the coal, or cause it to combine with the oxygen of the air; and generally, whenever chemical combination takes place, we have the production of heat even although other circumstances may interfere to prevent its recognition.
Now, in accordance with the principle of conservation, it may be expected that, if a definite quantity of carbon or of hydrogen be burned under given circumstances, there will be a definite production of heat; that is to say, a ton of coals or of coke, when burned, will give us so many heat units, and neither more or less. We may, no doubt, burn our ton in such a way as to economize more or less of the heat produced; but, as far as the mere production of heat is concerned, if the quantity and quality of the material burned and the circumstances of combustion be the same, we expect the same amount of heat.
164. The following table, derived from the researches of Andrews, and those of Favre and Silbermann, shows us how many units of heat we may get by burning a kilogramme of various substances.
| Units of Heat developed by Combustion in Oxygen. | |
| Substance Burned. |
Kilogrammes of Water raised 1° C. by the combustion of one kilogramme of each substance. |
| Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 34,135 |
| Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 7,991 |
| Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 2,263 |
