How long it will continue, and which of you will come to
the front, is more than I can say, but I may state that it is incumbent on you all at such a time to aid the diffusion of knowledge and the revival
of literature which must precede the inauguration
of lasting reform in every progressive society. Your duty in
this direction consists in paying special attention to the develop-
ment of the vernacular prose literature, and in infusing into it
the elements of modern culture, and in presenting to the public
through the medium of the vernacular the mechanism and the
advantages of a progressive social system as contrasted with an
imperfect social structure which confines progress within pre-
scribed limits. In the later stages of the history of the vernacular
literature in this country, it was corrupted by a desire for writing
verses and by a preference to a style which the learned alone could
understand ; and the inevitable result was the partial exclusion of
the middle classes from the light and the benefit of such knowledge
as existed in the country. It is therefore a source of particular
gratification to me to find that, during the last ten years, there
have issued from the Press about 800 original works and 400
translations besides 3,500 re-publications of old authors. These
figures show something like literary activity, and I would ask
you to co-operate with those who are already in the field and add
to the number of really original publications and useful trans-
lations, and to see that you gain a step in advance every year in
the development and enrichment of the vernacular literature. I
would ask you to remember at this very early stage of your
career in life that the usefulness to your country of the liberal
education you have received consists not in writing bad manuals
in English, but in writing good vernacular books on the models
furnished by English authors. Whilst on this subject I must
allude to a matter which has not hitherto attracted the attention
it deserves. The study of Sanscrit and the revival of Sanscrit
literature are of importance to you, not simply because Sanscrit
is your classical language,, but also because it contains the key to
the history, the philosophy and the principles which lie behind and
sustain the outer forms and visible signs of your social and family
life. Whatever has hitherto been done towards the revival of
Sanscrit learning, has been done principally in Europe, and not in
this country. But as you examine the structure of Sanscrit as a
language, its capacity for brevity and expansion, the facilities it
affords for translating new notions into idioms suited to the country,
and the classic modes in which it has been handled by such men as
Yalmeeki, Kalidas and Bhava Buti and others, you will cease to
ridicule the tradition which speaks of it as the language of the Gods.
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University of Madras.
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