Generally, where there are multiple authors of a sound recording, the sound recording is a joint work and the applicant should name all the authors of that work. In such cases, the authors' contributions are not subject to separate registrations. There may be instances, however, where different tracks of a sound recording were created as independent works, such as when a preexisting beat track is sampled in a song. In such cases, the beat track and the sound recording of the song should be registered separately — one as a derivative of the other.
For further discussion of joint works, see Chapter 500, Section 505.
803.8(C) Name Individual Authors (Not Performing Groups) as the Author of a Sound Recording
Generally, the applicant should provide the name(s) of the individual(s) who created the sound recording, and should not name the performing group as an organizational author, unless the group is a legal entity and the sound recording is a work made for hire. Naming the individuals as the authors of the sound recording rather than the performing group creates a clearer public record, because membership in the performing group may change over time.
The applicant should provide the legal names of the individual(s) who created the sound recording in the Author field or space (unless the work is pseudonymous, anonymous, or a work made for hire].
Where the authors are members of a performing group and the applicant wishes to include the name of the performing group in the record, the applicant may provide that information in the Note to Copyright Office field in the online application. When completing a paper application, the applicant should list each author in the Author space and may include the statement, "member of [performing group X]." In both cases, the registration specialist will add the name of the performing group to the record as an index term.
If the sound recording is pseudonymous (meaning that the individual who created the sound recording is identified on the phonorecord under a fictitious name], the applicant may give the pseudonym instead of providing the author's legal name and may indicate that the work is pseudonymous.
For registration purposes, the name of a performing group generally would not be considered a pseudonym, because pseudonyms apply only to individuals. If an applicant names a performing group as the author and indicates that the sound recording is pseudonymous, the registration specialist generally will communicate with the applicant to request that the legal names of the individual authors who created the sound recording be added to the application.
If the applicant names a performing group as the author and indicates that the sound recording is a work made for hire, the specialist will communicate with the applicant unless it is clear that the performing group is a legal entity and the sound recording was created by the employees of that entity or was a specially commissioned work under the statutory definition of a work made for hire. If the performing group is a legal entity and the sound recording was created by the employees of that entity or was a specially
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12/22/2014
