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40 THE CHURCHES OF CORNWALL flowing arabesque patterns, and there are also flori- ated designs on the numerous benches at Cardin- ham. The fine set at Altarnun are chiefly 16th cent. The following list includes the churches where the best examples of this local carving are to be found; an asterisk marks the more important collections: — Altarnun*, St. Austell, Bodmin*, Cardinham, St. Columb Major*, St. Enoder, St. Eval, St. Goran, St. Ives, St. Juliot, St. Keverne*, Kilkhampton*, Lan- dulph, Laneast*, Lansallos, Lanteglos-by-Fowey, Launcells*, Lawhitton, St. Levan, Lewannick, St. Madron, Mawgan-in-Pyder*, Michaelstow, St. Minver, Morwenstow, St. Mullion*, St. Newlyn, St. Perran-Zabuloe, Poughill*, Poundstock, St. Probus, Sheviock, Stratton*, Talland*, North Tamerton, St. Teath*, Tywardreath, St. Winnow*, and Zennor. It is also worth noting that a considerable number are carved with double initials, many of which are of 15th or early 16th cent. date. Such lettering, as well as specific coats of arms, are evidences that the appropriation of church seats was by no means of post- Reformation origin. Pairs of initials may, for example, be noted on bench- ends in the churches of Bodmin, St. Budock, St. Goran, St. Juliot, Lanteglos-by-Fowey, St. Levan, Mullion, North Tamerton, and St. Winnow. Much interest attaches to certain other bench - ends which are carved with tools or implements. There is a fine series of blacksmith's tools in the church of St. Ives. Various tinners' implements