Dictionary of English Literature 285
NEAVES, CHARLES, LORD (1800-1876). Miscellaneous
author, 6. and ed. in Edinburgh, was called to the Bar, and became judge. He was a frequent contributor to Blackwood's Magazine. His verses, witty and satirical, were coll. as Songs and Verses, Social %nd Scientific. He wrote also on philology, and pub. a book on the ~reek Anthology.
NECKHAM, ALEXANDER (1157-1217). Scholar, b. at St.
Albans, was foster-brother to Richard Cceur de Lion. He went to Paris in 1 180, where he became a distinguished teacher. Returning x> England in 1186 he became an Augustinian Canon, and in 1213 A.bbot of Cirencester. He is one of our earliest men of learning, and ivrote a scientific work in Latin verse, De Naturis Rerum (c. 1 180-94) n 10 books. Other works are De Laudibus Divinee SapienticB (in Praise of the Divine Wisdom) , and De Contemptu Mundi (on Despis- ng the World), and some grammatical treatises.
NEWCASTLE, MARGARET, DUCHESS OF (i624?-i674).
Dau. of Sir Thomas Lucas, and a maid of honour to Queen Henrietta Vtaria, m. in 1645 the ist Duke of Newcastle (then Marquis), whom she regarded in adversity and prosperity with a singular and almost fantastic devotion, which was fully reciprocated. The noble pair
- ollaborated (the Duchess contributing by far the larger share) in
their literary ventures, which filled 12 vols., and consisted chiefly of Iramas (now almost unreadable), and philosophical exercitations hich, amid prevailing rubbish, contain some weighty sayings. One f her poems, The Pastimes and Recreations of the Queen of Fairies in Fairyland has some good lines. Her Life of her husband, in which ihe rates him above Julius Caesar, was said by Lamb to be " a jewel or which no casket was good enough."
NEWMAN, FRANCIS WILLIAM (1805-1897). Scholar and
Geological writer, brother of Cardinal N., b. in London, and ed. at Dxf. After spending three years in the East, he became succes-
ively classical tutor in Bristol Coll., Professor of Classical Literature n Manchester New Coll. (1840), and of Latin in Univ. Coll., London,
846-63. Both brought up under evangelical influences, the two brothers moved from that standpoint in diametrically opposite iirections, Francis through eclecticism towards scepticism. His vritings include a History of the Hebrew Monarchy (1847), The Soul
1849), and his most famous book, Phases of Faith (1850), a theo- ogical autobiography corresponding to his brother's Apologia, the
(ublication of which led to much controversy, and to the appearance
f Henry Rogers' Eclipse of Faith. He also pub. Miscellanea in 4 vols., i Dictionary of modern Arabic, and some mathematical treatises.
le was a vegetarian, a total abstainer, and enemy of tobacco, -accination, and vivisection. Memoir by I. G. Sieveking, 1909.
NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY (1801-1890). Theologian, s. of a
i^ondon banker, and brother of the above, was ed. at Ealing and Trinity Coll., Oxf., where he was the intimate friend of Pusey and Jurrell Froude. Taking orders he was successively curate of St. Element's 1824, and Vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, 1828. He was also ice-principal of Alban Hall, where he assisted Whately, the Prin-
