ANT
{jerfons lightly armed, and the pojffignani the fecond line, confiding of thofe heavily armed b . Others afTert the Antefig- nani to have been the firft body of foldiers in heavy armour, called by the Greeks ^c^wi. — \_ x Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. I. p. 55. b Salmaf. de Re Milit. Rom. c. 17.] In efrec~t, the Velites appear, on many accounts, to have been different from the Antefignani, as the former only fkirmifhcd In parties here and there without any regular enfigns, whereas the latter kept firm to their pofts. The Velites when prefied were allowed eafily to give way, whereas the Antejignam were not to flinch except on very extraordinary occafions. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. I. p. 115. feq.
-ANTEVIRGILIAN Hufbandry. See Husbandry.
ANTHALIUM, among the antients, a root growing in dry places, and about the bignefs of the fruit of the medlar ; it was dug up for food, and efteemed very pleafant and whole- fomc. See Malin athalle.
ANTHESTERION, A»ttrv?un 9 in antient chronology, the fixth month of the Athenian year. It contained twenty-nine days, and anfwered to the latter part of our November and and beginning of December. The Macedonians called it da- fion or defion.
It had its name from the feftival anthejleria kept in it. See Anthesteria, Cycl.
ANTHIA, in zoology, a name by which fome improperly call thefatx venetorum, or fickle fifhi a long anguilliform fifli of the ticnia kind. lVillughby\ Hift. Pifc. p. 117.
ANTHIAS, in zoology, the name of a filh teeming to approach to the turdus or wrafte kind, of which Rondelet'us and fome other authors have defcribed four fpecies. The fecond of thofe is however to be rejected from the number, being pro- perly a fpecies of whiting ; all the others in moft parti- culara fo nearly refembte the varieties of the common tuidus, as by" many to be fufpected to be only varieties of that fifh.
The firfr. fpecies is of a red colour, and has a very ftrong and fliarp prickle on the firft ray of its back fin ; its tail is forked, and that and all the fins are of a reddifh hue; the head is roundifrt not flatted, and the nofe not at all prominent. The third fpecies is by fome authors called black, but it is truly all over of a deep and dufky purplim blue ; its body is long and thick not flat, and its teeth very ftrong and fer- rated. It has thick lips, and round and prominent eyes, the irifes of which are of a purpliln colour. The fourth kind is diftinguifhed from all the others, by hav- ing two large and arched protuberances like eye-lids, one placed directly over each eye. Gefner, de Pifc. p. 62. feq.
ANTHINE, among antient naturalifts, is an appellation given to certain fpecies of wine and oil. In this fenfe the word is alfo written Anthinos. Vinum Anthines, o«©< A(8i»sk, was that prepared with certain fragrant flowers to give it the more agreeable odour. Oleum Anthinum is alfo denominated Utiaceum, fometimes fufinum. Caji. Lex. Med. in voc.
Some alfo give the appellation Anthine to the compofition otherwife called cyceon.
ANTHOCEROS,in botany, the name of a genus of mofTes. The name was given by Micheli, and the generical character cfta- blifhed in that it has a monopetalous flower, which iscornicu- lated and divided into two carinated parts, the divifion running to the center, where there ftands a dully ftamen or filament ; this he fays is barren, and arifes from the tubular cup of the flower ; the fruit being fometimes found on the fame plants with thefe flowers, and fometimes on others, and being of a radiated form, each of the feveral rays containing two, three, or four feeds.
"Dillenius however ohferves, that what this author calls the mo- nopetalous flower of the Antboceros is properly the capfule con- taining a fine duft, which is like that of the capfules of all the other mofTes, and is by him fuppofed to be the farina or male part of the fructification ; the filament in the middle of this capfule is furrounded with a yellow duft, and the whole capfule, viewed by the microfcope, appears of the nature of the common unicapfular and bivalve feed-vefiels of the larger plants, as the pods of muftard and the like. And this au- thor further obferves, that he could not accurately perceive the feed-veffels defcribed by Micheli. There are only five known fpecies of this genus.
1 . The common Antboceros^ with fmaller and more divided leaves; this grows inoft frequently in damp fhady places.
2. The Antboceros, with larger and lefs divided leaves, the heads in this kind (landing on very lhort pedicles ; it is found in manv parts of Germany. 3. The narrow leaved Antbo- ceros with a lhort flower ; this is found in Italy by way fides. 4. The five cut leaved Antboceros ; the leaves of this are of a purple green; it grows on clayey ground. 5. The muih- room headed mofs, or fmall leaflets roofs, with thick bivalve heads; this is frequent in Mufcovy. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 476.
ANTHOLYZA, in the Linnsean fyftem of botany, the name of a plant which makes a diftin£t genus, the characters of which are thefe. In the place of a flower cup, there are a number of thin imbricated fpathse, interwoven with one ano- ther, and dividing the flowers ; thefe remain after the flowers
ANT
are fallen. The flower is compofed of a Tingle petal, which from the form of a tube dilates by degrees into a flatted labi- ated form, the upper lip of which is placed erea and is very thin and long, and undulated, and near its bafis has two fhort jaggs ; the under lip is fliort and trifid, and has the middle fegment larger than the reft and hanging down. The fta- mina are three long and flender filaments ; two of thefe are placed under the upper lip, the other upon the lower ; the antherse are pointed. The germen of the piftillum is be- neath the receptacle ; the ityle is thread-like, and is of the fame length and placed in the fame line with the two upper ftamina ; the ftigmais capillary, bentdownward, and divided into three fegments. The fruit is a roundifh capfule, but fomething trigonal, containing three cells, with three valves ; the feeds are very numerous and of a triangular form. Linnai Ge- nera Plantar, p. 10.
ANTHONY (Crr/.) — Juftiniani >, Caramuel ", and others, fpeak of an order of St. Anthony in ./Ethiopia, eftablifhed as early as the year 370. But befides that Ludolphus makes no mention of them, an order of knights in the fourth century appears at firft fight a chimera.— [• Hiftor. de l'Orig. de Cavallieri, c. 5. b Theolog. Rcgolar. P, g.l St. Anthony alfo gives the denomination to an order of reli- gious founded in France about the year 1095, to rake care of thofe affliited with St. Anthony'! fire. Emill. Hift. Monaft. Ord. c. 14. p. 127. feq.
The Anthonins, or monks of St. Anthony, are by fome laid to be of the begging kind. Their founder was Gafton Frank, who erected a monaftry for them at la Motte, near Vienne where the general ftill lives ; they follow the rule of St, Au- guftine. Others give a different account of their origin, and fuppofe them thus called, not on account of St. Anthony's fire, but becaufe inftituted by a St. Anthony, prior of a mo- naftery in that neighbourhood. It is added, that they are re- gular canons ; hut the former account items the more proba- ble, fince it is plain they were originally hofpitallers ; that they had the care of the fick and weak, and, as a mark of this, ftill carried the T, the fign of a crutch. Aubert ao Richel. Dift. T. r.p.95. ' *'
It is faid in fome places, thefe monks afiume to themfelves a power of giving, as well as removing the ignis facer, or eryfipclas, a power which ftands them in great ftead for keep- ing the poor people in fubjeaion and extorting alms. To avoid the menaces of thefe monks, the country people pre- fent them every year with a fat hog a piece. Some prelates endeavoured to perfuade pope Paul III. to abolifh the cider queejluarios ijtos fancli Anthonii, qui decipiunt rujlicos iS ftm- plices, cofquc innumer'n fuperjlitionibus implicent de medio tollen- dos effe c . But they fubfift notwithstanding to this day in fe- veral places a — [' Sebaji. Frank, in Chron. p. 468. " Emill Hift. Monaft. Ord. c. 14. p. iz8. feq]
St. Anthony's Fire, a name popularly given to the eryfipelas. See Erysipelas, Cycl. and Suppl.
Apparently it took this denomination, as thofe affliaed with it made their peculiar application to St. Anthony of Padua for cure. It is known, that antiently particular difeafes had their peculiar faints ; thus in the ophthalmia perfons had recourfe to St. Lucia, in the tooth-ach to St. Apollonia, in the hydro- phobia to St. Hubert, EsV. Sbin. Etym. in voc. In cft'ea, the Romanifts in fome parts are ftill faid to reprefent St. Anthony with a fire kindled at his fide, fo fignify that he delivers people from the facer ignis or eryfipclas." They alfo paint a hog near him, as a token that he cures beafts of all difeafes. To do him the greater honour in feveral places, they keep at common charges a hog denominated St. Anthony's hog, for which they have great veneration. Some will have St. Anthony's pi3ure on the walls of their houfes, hoping by that to be preferved from the plague ; and the Italians, who do not know the true fignification of the fire painted at the fide of their faint, concluding that he preferves houfes from being burnt, invoke him on fuch occafions. Emill. Hift. Mo- naft. Ord. c. 12.
ANTHOPHYELI, a denomination given to the larger fpecies of cloves. Junci. Confp. Therap. Tab. 6. n. 44. The word is otherwife written antophali, AA^ta. £)„ Cange, Gloff. Griec. in voc.
ANTHORjE Radix, the name of a root which holds a place in the catalogues of the materia medica, but is not kept at thi3 time in the lhops. It is the root of the aconitum falutiferum, or healing aconite of authors ; it is kept with us in the gar- dens of the curious, and flowers in June. It is common wild on the Alps and Pyrcnean mountains ; the root is of a dufky brown without and whitifh within, and of an acrid tafte and unpleafant fmell ; it is accounted a cordial and a refifter of poifon, and is an ingredient in the famous orvictan - and is by many thought to have the fame virtues with con- trayerva. Pomtt's Hift. of Drugs, p. 42. See the article Aconite.
The root of Anthora became famons for its virtues in pre- venting the effea of the poifonous aconite, and fome other vegetables of the like mifehievous kind ; hence it has been brought into ufe againft poifons of all kinds, and againft the bites of venomous animals. Some of the German phyfici- ans give it alfo in malignant, and petechial fevers, and even in
the
