A R N
f In this fcnfe we meet with the French Armorial, the Spanifh
Armorial, &c. See Armory, Cycl. ARMORIC, or Aremoric, fomething that belongs to the
province of Bretagnc, or Britanny, in France.
'I he name Armorica was antiently given to all the northern
and weftern coaft of Gaul, from the Pyreneans to the Rhine ;
under which name it was even known in Ca?far's time. Caf.
de Bell. Gall. 1. 7. c. 14. Aubert. ap. Richcl. Did; T. 1.
The word is of bas breton, origin, and denotes as much as maritime ; compounded, according to M. Menage, of ar, upon, and more, tea. Menage, Orig. Franc, p. 48. b.
Armoric, abfulutelyufed, denotes the language in Ufe among the inhabitants of Britanny. The French ufually call this language las breton. The Armoric is a dialefl of the Welch, and filter of the Cor- nifh language.
The inhabitants of Britanny, of Cornwall, and of Wales ftill underftand each other's fpecch ; tho' confiderable diverfi- tic-s have crept in between thefe languages, fince their fepara- tion from each other.
The inhabitants of Britanny, Mr. Lluyd obferves, by their intercourfe with the French, have much altered their antient orthography ; befides that there are feveral words in the Ar- moric which have no affinity with the Welch ; and that both the Armoric anrj Cornifli retain feveral antient words and phrafes which are loft in the Welch. Mem. de Trev. an. 1711. p. 651. feq.
Julian Manoir, a jefuit, has publilhed an Armoric grammar and vocabulary in French, which has been tranflated into Englifli by M. Williams, and publifhed with notes by Mr. Lluyd '. Before him Yvon Quillivere had publimed an Armo- ric vocabulary at Paris, leai'.—plh Archaeol. tit. 3 & 4. p. 180. feq. b Nichols. Eng. Hift. Lib. P. 1. c. 3. p. 29.] Toland has given a catalogue of feveral Armoric words, which prove to be Iiifh ; alfu a vocabulary Armoric and Irijh. Col- lect., of Pieces, T. 1. New Mem. of Liter. T. 12. p. ic6. feq.
ARMOURER, a maker of arms, or armour.
The Roman Armourers were difpofed in certain places in the empire, it being forbid either to fell or buy, or make arms elfewhere. They were exempt from all offices, and taxes, and received a falary from the public.
When once they had taken the employment on themfelves, neither they, nor their children, were allowed to quit it. To prevent this, they had a kind of note, or ftigma, imprefTed on the arm, whereby they might be known. If any of them fled, or fecreted their ware, the reft were obliged to anfwer for him ; on account of which, the effefts of fuch as died without a legal heir, went to the college. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T; 1. p. 752. b. in voc. Fabrianfes. There were fifteen Armamentaries, or repofitories of arms, in the eaftern empire, placed near the frontiers, and nineteen in the weftern. V. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 752. a. in voc. Fabricec.
Armourer of a fhip, a perfon whofe office is to take care the arms be in a condition fit for fervice. Dift. Marin, p. 44.
ARNABOS, in the materia medica, a name of an aromatic drug, defcrihed by Paulus .ffigineta, and other of the Greek phylkians, and fuppofed to be the fame with the Zamab of Avifenna, that is with the carpefia of the more antient Greek writers.
This was a drug much ufed as an aromatic and cordial, and allowed in many cafes to be a good fubftitute for cinnamon. It was the young moots of the cubeb-tree, or fomething of that kind, though poffihly not the very tree which bears the cubebs, becaufe the Greeks fay, it bore no fruit at all. It grew in Pamphylia, on certain mountains, from the names of which Galen has given it two epithets, expreffing two different kinds, thelaertiac and pontic. We know of no tree which does not bear fome fruit ; and it is very poffible that this tree, from which the Greeks gathered their Arnabos or carpefia', might bear the cubebs, tho' they did not know it ; the Ar- nabos being gathered in fpring, while the twigs were full of fap, and before the fruit, or even the flowers appeared. The carpafium of the Greeks, which was a poifonous gum, refembling myrrh in colour, is fometimes written carpefia ; but this muft be carefully diftinguifhed from this carpefia or Arnabos.
There is fome reafon to fufpecl, however, that either the Greeks were not well fettled about the fenfe of the word Ar- nabos, or elfe that they made it fignify two different things • for though many of them give accounts, which (hew, that what they mean by that word is the fame with the carpefia, the young fhoot of a tree, yet others feem to exprefs a bark by it.
Galen, who has given us the beft account extant of the carpe- fia, mentions the Arnabos in another part of his works, as a thing no way allied to the Carpefia, but as a fort of caflia, or bark, refembling cinnamon, and often ufed for it. He even makes the country of the arnabos and carpefia different; for he tells us, that the arnabos was brought from the Eaft Indies, and that the carpefia grew only in Pamphylia. Upon the whole, it does not appear certain, whether the zar- ouppl. Vol. I.
A R d
nab, Arnabos, and carpefia, were things alike in virtue- but fomewhat differing in form ; or whether they were all the fame plant, not defcribed with fufficient accuracy. ARNALDIA, in phyfic, a flow malignant kind of difeafe, fre- quent formerly in England ; the moll diftinguifhing fymptoms whereof was a falling of the hair. Briin. arid Blanc. Lex. Med. in voc.
Authors are much at a lofs for the nature, and kind of this dileafe, which appears to have been peculiar to our country From the defcription given of it in an antient chronicle, Mol- lerus concludes it to have been a fpecies of the venereal difeafe, as that diftemper appeared in thofe days in this country. Mol-
7r Dl( y hil01 - Hift - de Arnald. V. Aloys Luifm. Aphro- diilac. T. 1. p. 554.
ARNICA in botany, a fpecies of doronicurri, with plantane leaves, bee Doronicum.
Dr. Bruckner recommends the decodion of Arnica Vera, or plavienfis, in feverifh diforders, accompanied with harnor- rhagies, efflorefcentise, ESY; Seleft. Med. Francof. T 1, vol. 3. art. 4.
ARNOTTA, in botany, a name given by the peafants of Bur- gundy, and many other places, to certain roots which they frequently turn up, from five or fix inches depth in plowing the ground. They carefully colleci thefe, and eat them, af- ter roaftmg in the afhes, orotherwife; in which fort of cook- ing they acquire the tafte of a chefnut, and are found to be a very wholefome and nourifhing food. They are blackifh on the outfidej and white within, and are of the fize of a final! Walnut.
Ruellius is of opinion, that thefe are the ornithogalium roots of Diofcorides ; but there appears not the leaft ground for fuch a conjeaure. Some others have thought them to be the roots oftheapion, orapios; but this is yet more abfurd. borne have called them Pfeudorapios, but with very little rea- fon ; for they are no other than the foots of the bulbocafta- num, or earth-nut, which is common all over Europe, and anfwers to tiic defcription of them in all particulars. The deriva- tion of the name Arnolta has been varioufly gueffed at ; but it feems to be only a falfe pronunciation of the Dutch word Ertnote, which is earth-nut. See Bulbocastanum.
ARNULPHIN, Arnulphinus, a coin of the value of a ducat and an half, current in fome parts of France in the 15th Cen- tury. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. in voc.
AROLEC, the name of a weight, in ufe in fome parts of Ame- rica, and in quantity equal to twenty-five pounds of our weight.
AROMA is, by fome authors, particularly applied to denote myrrh. Linden, Selefl. Medic. Ex. 10. §. 125. See the article Myrrh, Cycl. and Suppl.
Aroma Philofophorum is ufed by fome for faffron. Hoffm. Clav. ad Schrod. p. 459. See Saffron, Cycl. and Suppl. Others give the appellation Aroma Philofophorum to Paracel- , fus's aroph. See the article Aroph.
Aroma Germanicum, a denomination given by Platerus to ele- campane. Shiinc. Difp. P. 2. n, 303.
AROMATIC {Cycl.) — Powders which have aromatic, or other acrid particles in them, not only abforb liquors, but give more or lefs ftimulus ; and as the effect of all irritation is fome degree of inflammation, which in fores is principally removed by a fubfequent increafed fuppuration, thefe powders may aflift to feparate corrupted from found parts. Such of them as have balfamic particles in their compofition, encou- rage the fuppuration nioft.
Several of them refill the putrefaction of animal fubftances, and therefore may preferve a carious bone, or the matter com- ing from it, from fuch a high degree of putrefaction as they might otherwife go to.
Befides thefe effects on the fore, regard muft always be had to their operation, if any of their particles are abforbed by the blood-veffels, for fome of them produce more or lefs of fever, others become purgatives, C3Y. Med. EfT. Edinb. Vol. 5. art. 24.
AROMATISATION, in pharmacy, the art of mixing aroma- tic, or fpicy matters, as cinnamon, mace, and the like, with fome drug, or other medicine, partly to augment its virtue, and partly to render it more agreeable to the palate, or the fmell. Savar. Diet. Com. T. 1. p. 154.
AROMATITIS, Apiptlili;, in the antient phyfiology, a kind of bituminous ftone, by fome reprefented as a gem, both in fmell and colour refembling myrrh. Gorr. Def. Med. p. 57. It is faid to have been found in Arabia and Egypt, and to have been in great ufe among ladies, as a perfume.
AROPH, a term ufed by Paracelfus, to denote a medicine en- dued with a power of breaking or diffolving the ftone in the human body. Burggr. Lex. Med. T. 1. p. 1046. feq. In which fenfe Aroph amounts to the fame with Lithon- tbripiic.
Paracelfus fpeaks of the Aroph to the following effect : The peccant matter is carried away by Aroph t which is reduced, by diftillation, from bread to a liquor.
Van Helmont allures us, he was pofTeffed of the Aroph, and fpeaks of the wonderful effects he had produced by it. He defcribes it as a remedy for the ftone in the kidneys, prepared under dung, with a mixture of rye bread ; and adds, that the 3 G woii
