C A L
C A L
great Indecencies, under the names fcjlum lakmlarum, or hy- podiaconcrum, or Jlultarum, that is, the fcaft of fools : fame- times alfo Ubertas decembrica. The people met mafked in the church, and in a ludicrous way proceeded to the election of a mock pope, or bifhop, who exercifed a jurifdiction over them fultable to the feftivity of the occafion : fathers, coun- cils, and popes long laboured to reftrain this licence to little purpofe. We find the feaft of the Calends in ufe as low as the clofe of the 15th century. Du Conge, GIofT Lat. T. 3. p. 183, feq. voc. Kalendce. Ejttfd. Gloff Gnec. T. 1, p. 547. voc. Kohu&vM^*. Scboet. Ant. Lex. p. 251.
CALENDER (Cyeh) — At Paris they have an extraordinary machine of this kind, called the royal calender, made by order of M. Colbert; the lower table or plank of which is made of a block of fmooth marble, and the upper lined at bottom ■with a plate of polifhed copper.
There are alfo calenders without wheels, which are wrought by a liorfe harnefled to a wooden bar, which turns a large ar- bor placed upright ; at the top of which, on a kind of lan- thorn, is wound a rope, the two ends of which being fattened to the two extremities of the upper plank of the engine, give it motion. But the horfe calender is in lefs eftcem than the wheel kind, as the motion of this latter is more equable and certain. Savar. Dick- Comm. T. r. p. 526. voc. Calendrc.
Calender alfo denotes the workman who manages the ma- chine above defcribed ; applying the cloth or ftufF underneath, after having firft wound it on the rollers.
Calenders is alio the name of a fort of dervifes fpread thro' Turky and Perfia, whofe order is not in general efteem among the Mahometans, as being reputed lefs abftemious and ftrictin morals than fome other orders. D'Nerbel, Bibl, Orient, p. 244. SeeDERVis, Cycf.
CALENDRING, the patting of cloths thro' the calender. See Calender, Cycl. and Suppl. We read of calendaring worfteds ■• To improve linen farther,
' the drapers get feveral forts of their cloths ~cdlffidred\ where- by their threads are made to lie flatter and fmoother. Hough- ton defcribes calendring as performed by rolling the cloths on great wooden rollers, and laying them under a huge wooden box full of weighty materials, which is drawn by a horfe to and fro on feveral of thefc rollers b .—[ a Stat. 5. Hen. VIII. c '4> & 35. Ejtifd. c. 5. Cowel, Interp. in voc. h Nought. Coll. T. 2. N° 352. p. 402.]
CALENDS (Cycl)— HcderiC and others give us tables of the calends, to mew the days of our months correfponding to each day of the Roman calendts. But they may be found without tables by this rule : To the number of the days in the pre- ceding month, add two, and from the fum fubftracl the num- ber of the calends given, the remainder is the day of our month . [*Schul. Lex. p. 630, feq.] Thus the fifth of the calends of October will be found to an- fwer to the 27 th of September. For
Sept. 30 was prid. Kalend.
29 tert°. .
28 quart.
27-
-quint.
Calends, Kahnda, arc alfo ufed in church hiflory to denote conferences anticntly held by the clergy of each deanry, on the firft day of every month, concerning their duty and con- duct, efpecially in what related to the impofition of penance. Du Cange, Glofl". Lat. T. 3. p. 185. voc. Kulcndcc. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 134-7.
Calf.nds is alfo an appellation given to religious and devout focieties, otherwife called confraternitates ; probably named kalendce, by reafon of their meeting on the calends of each month. Du Conge, Glofi". Lat. T. 3. p. 185. voc. Kalends.
Calends of January, in Roman antiquity, was a folemn feftival confecrated to Juno and Janus ; wherein the Romans offered vows and facrifices to thofe deities, and exchanged prefents among themfelves as a token of friendfhip. It was only a melancholy day to debtors, who were then, obliged to pay their interefts, &c. Hence Horace calls it trifles calendts, Nor. 1. 1. Serm. Sat. 3.
CALENDULA, in pharmacy, the herb, or flower popularly called marygold, ufed in the (hops as a cardiac and alexiphar- mic, of like, though of inferior virtue to faffron. ®>uinc. Difpenf. P. 2. Sect. 6. p. 425. Junck. Confp. Phyf. p. 122, & 215. See Marygold.
CALENTES, in philofbphy, a fort of fyllogifm in the fourth, commonly called galenical figure, wherein the major propo- rtion is univerfal and affirmative ; and the fecond or minor, as well as the conclufion, univerfal and negative. This is intimated by the letters it is compofed of, where the A fignifies an univerfal affirmative, and the two E's as many Univerfal negatives. Ex. gr.
CA. Every affliction in this world is only for a time. lEn. No affliction, which is only for a time, ought to difturb
us. tEs. No_affliclion ought to difturb us which happens in this
world. The Ariftotelians not allowing the fourth figure of fyllogifms, turn this word into CBlAntEs, and make it only an indirect
Suppl. Vol, I,
mood of the firft figure. Walch. Lex. Phil. p. 338. See Celantes.
CALENTURE (Cycl.) — This diftemper fometimes comes on without a fever, and may be carried off, by proper methods, in a few days without any fever ifhnefs growing upon the patient from its continuance. The firft fymptom is* the perceiving green leaves as it were on the water* .and a defire of getting at them : yet this is fo far from being attended with a fever, that it is certain, the fiefh of the patient is colder than ufiial, and the pulfe flow and temperate.
The firft ftcp toward a cure is, the giving a brifk vomit ; this has the immediate effect of difpeiling the fancy of the green leaves and trees in the water; after this, fait of wormwood, a little diafcordium and eonferve of rofes vitriolated are pro- per, and bleeding in the arm ; and if that does not take effect, the opening of the temporal artery is proper : a thin diet and cream of tartar in water-gruel, after thefe things, generally cures the remains of the difeafe.
The feat of thisdiforder is in the ftomach, and its principal fource feems to be the eating fait provifions for a long time together. Hence it is that a vomit has fd immediate a wood eftecl, and that diluting medicines alone are necefl'ary to com- pleat the cure. Phil. Tranf. N 5 98.
The word calenture is Spanifh, calentura, fignifies a heat, fever, or ague } from the Latin calce, to be hot. Calentures are chiefly found in failing towards the Weft- Indies, as they approach the tropic Thofe affected with them have a fierce look, and are very unruly, being fo eager to get to their imaginary cool verdure, and fo ftrong that fix men fometimes fcarce fuffice to detain them. The difeafe chiefly feizes the young and ftrong, efpecially of a fanguine com- plexion ; the pulfe is extremely law. When taken in time it rarely proves mortal. Bonet. Medic. Septentr. 1* 1 . Sect. 6. c. 1 2. p. 83. Shaw, New PracL Phyf. p. 406* feq. Cajh Lex. Med. p. 123. Phil. Tranf N° 290. p. 1562, feq.
CALERUTH, a word ufed by fome authors to exprefs an in- dication of a defire to the firft perpetual ; as when any thin^ has a defire to return to the firft matter from which it pro- ceeded. Ruand.
CALF, vitulus, in zoology. There are two ways of breeding calves that are intended to be reared ; the one is to let the calf run with its dam all the year round : this is the method in the cheap breeding countries, and is generally allowed to make the beft cattle. The other way is to take them from the dam after they have fuck'd about a fortnight ; they are then to be taught to drink flat milk, which is to be mads but juft warm for them, it being very dangerous to give it them too hot. The beft time of weaning eahes is from January to May; they ihould have milk for twelve weeks after, and a fortnight before that is left off", water fhould be mixed with the milk in larger and larger quantities. When the calf has fed on milk about a month, little whifps of hay fhould be placed all about him in cleft flicks to induce him to eat. In the be- ginning of April they fhould be turned out to gr'afs; only for a few days they fhould be taken in for the night, and have milk and water given them ; the fame may alfo be given them in a pail fometimes in the field, till they are fo able to feed themfelves that they do not regard it. The grafs they are turned into muft not be too rank, but fhort and fweet, that they may like it and yet get it with fome labour, Calves fhould be always weaned at graft, for if it be done with hay and water, they often grow big-beliy'd on it and are apt to rot. When thofe among the males are feteeled which are to be kept as bulls, the reft fhould be gelt for oxen : the fooner the better. Twenty days old is a very good time, or any thing between that age and ten days. About London almoft all the calves are fatted for the butcher. The reafon of this is, that there is a good market for them ; and the lands here are not fo profitable to breed upon as in cheaper coun- tries. The way to make the calves fat and fine is, the keep- ing them very clean, giving them frefli litter every day, and the hanging a large chalk ftone in fome corner where they can eafily get at it to Tick it, but where it is out of the way of being fouled by their dung and urine. The coops are to be fo placed as not to have too much fun upon them, and fo high above the ground that the urine may run off. '1 hey alfo bleed them once when they are a month old, and a fecond time before they kill them ; this is a great addition to the beauty and whitenefs of their flefh ; the bleeding is by fome repeated much oftener ; but this is fufficient.
" Calves are very apt to be loofe in their bow J eIs ; this waftes and very much injures them The remedy is, to give them chalk {craped into milk, pouring it down with a horn.; If this does not fucceed, they give them bole armenic in large dofes, and ufe the cold bath every morning. If a cow will not let a ftrange calf fuck her, the common method is to rub both her nofe and the calf's with a little brandy : this Gene- rally reconciles them after a few fmellings. Mortimer's Huf- bandry, p. 2?o.
Calf, among fportfmen, is ufed for a male hart, or hind of the firft year. Cox, Gent. Rccr. P. 1. p. 6, feq. Dia. Ruft. T. 1. in voc.
Calf alfo denotes the young of the whale, Phil. Tranf. N 9 387. p. 260.
6 Q CALf's-
