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leaves like the common kind. 15. The Adlantum with white lunated marks. 16. The finely divided Adiantum. 17. The low trifoliate creeping Adiantum. 18. The Adiantum with leaves divided into very deep fegments. 19. The Adiantum with capillaceous leaves. And, 20. The climbing Adiantum, with finely divided and retufe leaves. Tournef. Inft. p. 543. In the Linn;ean fyfiem of botany, the general character of the Adianta is, their having the fructifications in form of oval fpots, difpofed in clufters under the reflected tops of the leaves. The Englifh ufually write Adianthum, apparently from a miftaken etymology, as if derived from w9©-, flower. The true orthography is Adiantum, in Greek «^«v%v ; formed from the privative a and &«»*>, humeclo ; in regard, as fome fug- geft, its leaves do not grow wet with the rain, but (till ap- pear dry; or, as others think, from its growing to the inner walls, and margins of wells. V. Voff. Etym. p. 8. Martin. Lex. Philol. T. 1. p. 12. Blanc. Lex. Med. p. 13. Le- mery, Diet, des Drogues, p. 14.
Adiantum is alfo called xaWul^w, callitrichum, and noXvfy- X a '-i plytrkhum, from its effect in tinging the hair, and making it grow thick.
Adiantum is the fame with what we popularly call maiden- hair, and the capillus veneris of the fhops ; though fome pre- tend to diftinguifh between the two.
Others give it the name terra capillm ; and others, that of fupercilium terra. Gorr. Def. Med. p. 5, 6. The Adiantum is efteemed a great pectoral, and gives name to a fyrup, much in ufe for that intention \ It is alfo faid to be a remover of obit met ions, both of the kidneys and the menfes, though little ufed in thofe intentions. Its eflencc is by fome commended in hypochondriac and hyfteric com- plaints b .— j> $uinc. Difpenf. P. 2. fee. 4. b Junck. Confp. Med. tab. 29. p. 189.]
Adiantum aureum, called alfo Mufcus capillar i V, Polyirichum aureum medium, C. B. Polytrichum while, vel primum, P'o- iytricbum Apulei aureum, &c. in Englifh, Golden maiden- hair, is of the mofs kind. It grows in heathy and bogo-y ground. It is a good fudorific, and its infufion drank hot is recommended againff. pleurifies r . Camerarius gives a relation of this plant riling fpontaneoufly out of the ruins of a town burnt down in Germany ; as the Erifymum vulgare did from the ruins of London d . — [ c Lemery, Diet, des Dro^. p. 14 15. d Ephem. Germ. dec. 3. an. 5. obf. 17. p. 47.]
ADIT, {Cycl.) in a general fenfe, denotes the approach to, or entrance of any thing.
The word is originally Latin, aditus, formed from adire, to go to.
In which fenfe, we meet with Adit of a houfe, Adit of a theatre, of the circus, &c Scd?naf. Exerc. ad Solin. p. 916.
Adits of a theatre, Aditus theatri, in antiquity, were doors on the flairs, whereby perfons entered from the outer por- tico's, and defcended into the feats. Vitruv. 1. 5. c. 3. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 26. Baxt. GlofT. p. 35.
Adit, in Jhips, in antiquity, was a fpace in the upper part, ■Where the {hip was wideft, at which people entered, antiently called Agea. Pitifc. loc. cit. & p. 55. in voc. Agea.
Adit of a mine amounts to the fame with Cuniculus*, or Drift, and is diftinguifhed from Airjhaft. Phil. Tranf. N°. 69. p. 2104. See Air-shaft.
The Adit is ufually made on the fide of a hill, towards the bottom thereof, about 4, 5 or 6 feet high, and 8 wide, in form of an arch ; fometimes cut in the rock, and fometimes fupported with timber, fo conducted, as that the fole or bot- tom of the Adit may anfwer to the bottom of the fhaft, only fomewhat lower, that the water may have a fufficient current to pafs away, without the ufe of the pump. Pett, Hift. of Mines, c. 2. p. 2.
Damps and the impurity of the air are the great impediments againft driving Adits above 20 or 30 fathoms, by reafon of the neceflity, in this cafe, of letting down air-fhafts from the day to meet the Adit, which are often very expenfive, both on account of the great depth of mines, and the hardnefs of the mineral ftrata to be cut through. The beft remedy againft this, is that practifed in the coal-mines near Liege, where they work their Adits without air-fhafts : the manner of which is defcribed by Sir Robert Moray. Vid. Phil. Tranf. ^"•5- P- 79* See Air-shaft.
Adit of a mine is fometimes ufed for the air-fhaft itfelf, "being a hole driven perpendicularly from the furface of the earth into fome part of a mine, to give entrance to the air. In this fenfe, we fometimes find it improperly written Addit Phil. Tranf. N°. 200. p. 738.
To draw off the Handing water in winter, in deep mines, they drive up an Adit, or air-fhaft, upon which the air dif- engages itfelf from the water, when it begins to run, with fuch violence, as produces a noife equal to the burfting of a canon, dafhes every thing in the way againft the fides of the mine, and loofens the very rocks at a diftance. Phil. Tranf. N°. 26. p. 48 1.
ADJUNCT, (Cycl.)-AnjUKCT gods, or Adjuncts of the gods, among the Romans, were a kind of inferior deities, added as amftants to the principal ones, to eafe them in their funflions. Thus, to Mars was adjoined Bellona and Nemefis ; to Nep- tune, Salacia; to Vulcan, the Catirii to the good Genius,
ADM
the Lares ; to the Evil, the Lemures, &c. V. Strwb Synt. Ant. Rom. c. r. p. 170. feq. Jour, des Scav. T ™. p. 542. " "
Adjuncts, or Adjoints, in the royal academy of fciences at Paris, denote a clafs of members, attached to the purfuit of particular fciences.
'Thedzfcof AdjuncJs was created in 1716, inXwu o{ the Eleves: they are twelve in number ; two for geometry, two for me- chanics, two for aftronomy, two for anatomy, two fur che- miftry, and two for botany. — The Eleves not taken into this eftablimment were admitted on the foot of fupernumerary Adjuneis. V. Fontenel. Hill. Acad Scienc. 171b. p. 3. feq. See Academy, Cycl. and Suppl ADJUTANT, (Cyc/.)— The general of the Jefuits has a fe- lect number of fathers of that order refiding with him, under the denomination of Adjutants-general; who have each their feveral province, or country, under their care, as PVance, England, &c. Their bufinefs is to inform the father-general of the occurrences of Ifate in fuch countries ; to which end, each of them have their correfpondents delegated, emiffaries, vifitors, regents, provincials, &c. Pyrotcch. Loyol. c. 2. p. 17. feq.
In the cavalry, each regiment has an Adjutant, and in the infantry, each battalion.
The Adjutant receives the orders every night from the brigade- major, which, after he has carried to the colonel, he delivers out to the ferjeants. Where detachments are to he made, he gives the number each company muft furnifh, and affigns the hour and place of rendezvous. He alfo places the guards, receives and difiributes ammunition to the companies, and, by the major's order, regulates the price of bread, beer, &c. Guillet, P. 2. in voc. ADJUTORIUM, [Cycl.)— Some authors ufe this word for a medicine intended only as auxiliary, or fubfervient to another of more efficacy : in particular, after a due ufe of internals, for an external remedy, applied to a part affected, to affift in and compleat the cure. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 17. Blanc. Lex. Med. p. 13. ADLE egg, that which is not fecundified by the cock's tread. See Ecc.
Minfhew derives the word from idle; fuppofing adle egg to have been originally written, idle egg, q. d. vain, empty, in- fignificant. Skinner chufes to deduce it from the Anglo- Saxon Add, ficknefs, q. d. a fick or morbid egg. Skin. Etym. Angl. in voc.
Adle egg is the fame with what is otherwife called a fubven- taneous one.
Adle eggs, after incubation, are found to contain a fhapelefs, globofe, afh-coloured body, not unlike a ?nola. Phil. Tranf. N °\ 8 7- P- 5080. ADLEGATION, in the public law of the German empire, a right claimed by the ftates of the empire, of adjoining plenipotentiaries, in public treaties and negotiations, to thofe of the emperor, for the tmnfacting of matters which relate to the empire in general. V. Mem. de Trev. 1706. p. 1928. In which fenfe, Adlegaticn differs from Legation, which is the right of fending ambaffadors on a perfon's own account. Several princes and ftates of the empire enjoy the right of le- gation, who have not that of Adlegation, and vice verfa. The bifhops, for inftance, have the right of Adlegation in treaties which concern the common intereft, but no right of legation for their own private affairs. The like had the duke of Mantua.
The emperor allows the princes of Germany the privilege of legation, but difputes that of Adlegation. They challenge it as belonging to them jure regni, which they enjoy in com- mon with the emperor himfelf. Ludwig has a difcourfe ex- prefs on the fubject, wherein the controverfy is treated at large. De Jure Adleg. Ordinum, S. R. I. Ital. 1704. 410. An extract of it is given in Mem. de Trev. loc. cit. ADLOCUTION, Adlocutio, in antiquity, is chiefly under - flood of fpeeches made by Roman generals to their armies, to encourage them before a battle. We frequently find thefe Ad- locutions exprefied on medals, by the abbreviature ADLOCUT. COH. V. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. T. 1. p. 27. Urjat. de Not. Rom. p. 4,
The general is fometimes reprefented as placed on a tribunal ; often on a bank or mount of turf, with the cohorts ranged or- derly round him, in manipuli and turma. The ufual formula in Adlocutions was, fortis ejfet ac fidus. V. Lindenbrog. ad Marculf. 1. 15. Walk, en Coin, P. 1. c. 10. p. 157. Eipf. de Mil. Rom. 1. 4. dial. 9. Pitifc. loc. cit. ADMANUENSES, in antient law books, denote perfons who fwore by laying their hands on the book. Du Cang. Glcff. Lat. T. 1. p. 61. Hoffm. Lex. Univ. T. 1. p. 60. The word is compounded of the Latin, ad, to, and manus 7 hand.
In which fenfe, Admanuenfes amount to the fame with lay- men, and ftand oppofed to clerks, who were forbid to fwear on the book, their word being to be reputed as their oath ; whence they were alfo denominated fide digni. ADMINICULATOR, in ecclefiaftical writers, denotes an antient officer of the church, whofe bufinefs was to de- fend the caufe of widows, orphans, and others deftitute of
help.
