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eg£«r. TFoff Lex. Math p. 327, feq. Vital Lex. Math. p. 99. SeeCEpHEus, Cycl. and St/ppi,
CEGOLI PES, in natural hutory, a name by which fame au- thors have called the lapis judaicus* or tecolithus of thcanttcnts. See Judaicus lapis.
CEIMELIA, K.ifA-.iXiSj in antiquity, denotes choice or precious pieces of furniture or ornaments, referved or laid up for ex- traordinary occaiions and ftfes.
In which fenfe, facred garments, velTels, and the like, are re- puted of the abulia of a church. Medals, antique Hones, figures, manuscripts, records, &c. are the ceimelia of men of letters. Sure. Thef. T. 2. p. 81. Cah. Lex. Jur. p. 166. ■Gafi. Lex. Med, p. r 53 .
GLlMELIARCMIUM, Knw^ia^nr-, the repofitory or place where ceimelia arc preserved. Bingh. Grig. Ecclef. 1. 8. c. 7. §. 7. Du Carge, Gloff Gr. T. 1. p. 628.
CLiMELIOPMYLAX, Kih*»xio£i;Wj the keeper or curator of a collection of ceimelia ; fometimes alfo denominated ceimeli- archa 9 x-iy.r,~\ia.eyjr,$.
The ceimeliarchai or ceimeliophylax, was an officer in the an- tient churches and naonafteries, anfwering to what was other- wife denominated chartspky'ax, and cuftos archivorum. Bingh. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 3. c. 13. §.3. Du Game, Gloff Grxc. T, 1. p 62P.
CEIXUPEIRA, in zoology, the name of a fifh caught in the American feas, and eftcemed a very fine and delicate one, tho' of an enormous fize. It grows to nine or ten feet long, and to the thicknefs of a man's body, but is chiefly eaten while young. ]ts body is oblong, and' its head flatted. Its mouth is but final] for the fize of the fiih, and it has no teeth in the jaws ; but the whole mouth is thick fet with fmall tubercles. Its eyes are white, and not large. It has fix fins, befide the sail : all its fins are armed with foft prickles ; and in the (pace
, between the head and back-fin, it has eight itrong, bony, triangular (pines, which it can at pleafure draw in and hide within the flefh. Its hood is bonv and fmooth ; and its whole body is covered with fuch fmall fcales, that it appears fmooth. Its back and fides are black, and its belly of a fine bright white. Its fins are a!! black, except the belly ones, which are white, with a rim of black at their edge. Margrave's Hift. Braill.
CELANDINE, in botany. See Chelidonium.
CELAN PES, in logic, a denomination given by the peripate- tics to the Galenical fyllogifm ; otherwife called calentes. JVakh. Lex. Phil. p. 338. See Calentes.
CELARENT, in logic, a mode of fyllogifms in the fir ft figure, wherein the major proposition and conclufion are univerfal ne- gative, and the minor or medium univeifal affirmative. E.gr.
CE No bad book ought to be read :
IA Every obfeene book is a bad one :
rEnt. Therefore no obfeene book ought to be read. Wakb.'Ux. Phil. p. 359.'
CELE, Kij^r, in a general fenfe, denotes any tumour, but more particularly that proceeding from a rupture or hernia. Gorr. Med. Dcfin p. 224. Blanc. Lex. Med. p. 143. See Tu- mour and Rupture.
CELERJ, a name given by our gardeners to fome fpecies of apium. See Apium.
We have two forts of this plant cultivated in our gardens, the Italian ce'.eri, and the celeriac.
The feeds of this plant mould be fown at two different fea- fons, the better to continue it for ufe thro' the whole feafon, without its running up to feed. The firft fowing mould be in the beginning of March, in an open fpot of light earth; but the fecond fowing mould be in April, in a moifter foil. In about a month's time after fowing, the plants will come up ; they muft be kept clear of weeds, and if the feafon is dry they muff be watered. When they have been a month or five weeks above ground, they will be fit to tranfplant. They muft now be fet at three inches diftance, in beds of moiff, rich earth. In the middle of June fame of the plants of the firft fowing will be fit to tranfplant for blanching ; the (oil in which it is now planted muft be mo'tft, rich, and light. The manner of planting it at this time is this : you muft dig a trench of ten inches wide, and eight or nine inches deep, loofening the earth at the bottom, and laying it level; and the earth which comes out of the trench, is to he equally laid on each fide the trench, to be ready to draw in again to earth the ce'.eri as it advances in height. The trenches fhould be made at three feet afunder, and the plants fet in them at fix inches diftance. The tops of their leaves, and ends of their roots, are to be cut off" when planted ; and they are to be wa- tered, to fix the earth to their roots : after this, they require little care but the drawing up the earth to them as they ad- vance in height ; it muft be carefully obferved in doing this, never to bury the heart of the plant, nor ever to perform it but in dry weather; for if done in wet, the plants wili rot. The earth between the trenches is to be ufed, when that that was thrown out in the digging of them is all employed ; and foon afterMidfummer fome of the firft fowing will be ready to cut, and the fucceeding ones, if rightly managed, will con- tinue it tiH April or May. Many plantations are indeed to be made out of one fowing, by pulling up the ftrongeft plants firft, then fome time after the ftrongeft of the remaining, and finally, the Jeaft of all, which will be got to a proper growth by that time, Millers Gardener's Diet.
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CELERINUS, in ichthyology, a name by which fome author, have called die pilchard ; called by others the apua membras and chalets. Bellmm, de Pile. See the article Pilchar- no s.
CEiERlNus is alfo ufed byBellonius, and fome other authors,for the common herring. See the articles Halee and Clupea
CELESTIAL globe. See Globe, Cycl.
Celestial fire. See Fire.
CELETES, orCELETiE, in antiquity, denote fingle or faddle- horles; byway of contradiftindtion from thofe yoked or har- neficu together, called bigarii, quadriga™, &c. The fame denomination is alfo given to the cavaliers, or riders on horlcback ; and hence fome deduce celeres, the name of Romulus's guard. Jquin. Lex. Mil. T. I. p. lu i p;,;r r Lex. Ant. T. I. p. 3S8. . J
CELEUSMA, ortJELEUMA, te,^., in antiquity, thefhout or cry of the Teamen, whereby they animated each other in their work of rowing.
The word is formed from the Greek, ** f »i», to call, to give the hgnal.
Celeusma was alfo a kind of fong or formula, rehearfed or played by the mafter, or others, to dir&ft the ftrokes and movements of the mariners, as well as to encourage them to labour. Jfcan. Pedum, in Divinat. Verr. p. 37.° See Ce-
EEUSTES.
Some dillinguifh the ce'eufma from the fang, making the for- mer to conlift in a fingle word or formula," fpoken aloud ; as, rhippape, to give notice to row; and cop, to flop. Pitifc Lex Ant. T. I. p. 388. -
Aquinus, without much foundation, extends the ceteufma to the military fhouts in land armies. Jquin. Lex. Mil. T 1. p. 191, feq.
When chriftianity got footing, hymns and pfalms were fung in veffels, by way of celcMpw, in which the words amen and hallehija were frequently repeated. Binrh. Oric. Ecclef 1 ia c. 2. §. ,. Fab.Thti. p. 517. ° ' ' *'
CELEUSTES, KjWIw, in the antient (hips, the boatfwain or officer appointed to give the rowers the fignal, when they were to pull, and when (top their hands. Ovid. Metam. 1. 3 . v. 618, feq. See Celeusma.
He was alio denominated epepeus, and by the Romans portif- culus; fometimes fimply hortator. Fab. Thef. p. 517. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 388. Kcm. Rom. Ant. Not. P. 2. 1. /. c. ?o. p. 244.
CELIBACY. The antient Romans ufed all means imaginable to difcourage celibacy. Nothing was more ufual than for the cenfors to impofe a fine on old batchelois. Dionyfius Halicar- nafleus mentions an antient conftitution, whereby all perfons of full age were obliged to marry. But the firft law of that kind, of which we have any certainty, is that enafled under Auguflus, called Lex Julia de maritandis ordimbui. Jt was af- terwards denominated Papia Poppxa, and more uhstity Julia Papia, in regard of fome new fin&ion and amendments made to it under the confuls Papius and Poppteus. By this law, di- vers prerogatives were given to perfons who had many chil- dren ; penalties impofed on thofe who lived a finale life, as that they fhould be incapable of receiving legacies, except from their neareft relations, and not exceeding portion, &c. Pitifc Lex. Ant. 1 . 1. Cah. hex. Jur. p. 195. voc. cecliies.
CELIBATE (Cycl.) is chiefly ufed in fpeaking of the fingle life of the clergy, or the obligation they have been fuppo!ed"under to abltain from the ufe of marriage.
In this fenfe we fay, the law of celibate ; monks and reli» ious take a vow of celibate, and what is more, of chaftity. The church of Rome impofes an univerfal celibacy on all its clergy, from the pope to the loweit deacon and fubdeacon. The advocates for this ufjge pretend, that a vow of perpetual celi- bacy was required in the antient church, as a condition of or- dination, even from the earlieft apoftolic ages. But the con- trary is evident, from numerous examples of bifhops and arch- bifhops, who lived in a (lace of matrimony, without any pre- judice to their ordination or their funflion. 'Tis generally agreed by antient writers, that mod of the apoftles were married : fome fay all of them, except St. Paul and St. John : others fay St. Paul himfelf was married, beci.ufe he writes to his yoke-fellow, whom they interpret his wife. Be this as it will, in the next ages after the apoftles, we have accounts of divers married bifhops, preibyters and deacons, without any reproof or mark of difhonour fet on them: ex.gr. Valens, prefbyter of Philippi, mentioned by Polycarp ; and Cbseremon, biihop of Nilus. Novatus was a married prefbyter of Car- thage, as we learn from Cyprian, who himfelf was alfo a mar- ried man, as Pagi confefies ; and fo was Ciecilius the prefbyter, who converted him; and Numidius, another prefbyter of Carthage. Bingh. Orig.<Ecclef. I. 4. a,. §.5. The reply which the Romanifts give to this is, that all mar- ried perfons, when they come to be ord.ined, promifed to live feparate from their wives by confent, which anfwered the vow of celibacy in other perfons *. But this is faid not only without proof, but againft it. For Novatus, prefbyter of Carthage, was certainly allowed to cohabit with his wife af- ter ordination ; as appears from the charge that Cyprian brims againft him, that he had (truck and abuled his wife, and there-
by
ng a certain pro- p. 480. voc. calibatus.
