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He places two horary circles under the meridian, one at each pole, fo that the globs Serves equally well for folving of ques- tions in fduth, as in north latitudes. He alfo divides the brafs meridian, at one of the poles, into months and days according to the fun's declination, reckoning from the poie. If then the day of the month be brought to the horizon, and the globe rectified according to the time of the day, the horizon will reprefent the circle Separating light and dark- nefs ; and the upper half of the globe, the illuminated hemi- sphere, the fun being in the zenith. Mr. Harris alfo gives an account of a cheap machine for mewing the annual motion of the earth in its orbit, without the great expence of an orrery. See Phil. TranS. N° 456. Sect 7. p. 323.
GLOBULARIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower is of the floScuIous kind, and is compoSed of a number of Small floS- cules of an unilabiated figure, divided into many Segments, and each contained in its proper and peculiar cup : Srom the bottom of each ariSes a pifr.il, which is fixed in the manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flofcule ; and this, finally, becomes a Seed, which remains till ripe in a capfule made oS what was before the cup of the flower ; and all thefe capSuIes are affixed to a placenta, which flands in the center of the general flower.
The Species of gkbularia enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe. 1. The common daiSy leaved globularia, called by many the blue daiSy, with Soliaceous Stalks. 2. The long leaved pyreliaeari' frtobularin with naked (talks. 3. The low, procumbent, creeping mountain globularia. 4. The fhrubby globularia 1 with tridentated myrtle-like leaves. 5. The ihrubby African globularia, with woolly leaves like the thy- meleea. 6. The prickly globularia ; and 7. The Smalleft origanum leaved alpine globularia. Tourn. Inft. p. 466.
GL-OKEN fpdjje, in mineralogy, a term uSed by the Ger- mans to expreSs a Sort of impure regulus of biSmuth, ob- tained by accident, Sometimes in the making of Smalt. The biSmuth ores are often So intimately mixed with the cobalt, that they cannot be Separated from them. In this cafe, the arSenic being raiSed in flowers, there remains at the bottom, inftead of the fixed verifiable earth of the tobalt, a fort of impure regulus of a reddifh colour. This is bifmutb, with an admixture of the earth of cobalt, and other extraneous matter. They Sometimes call this whole matter by the common name of Jpcijft, but more uSually they feparate it into two parts ; and call the under part, which is moft Solid, gloken Jpeiffij and the upper part they diftinguifh by the name of as caldarium.
GLOME RE LLS, in our old writers, commiffaries appointed to determine differences between Scholars of a School or univerfity, and the townSmen oS the place. In the edict of the bifhop of Ely, aiino 1276, there is mention of the matter of the glomerelh.
GLOSSOCATOCHOS, a word ufed by fome writers to ex- preSs a chirurg'tcal inftrument, ufed to depreSs the tongue Sor examining the mouth. See Glossospatha.
GLOSSOGRAPHE, in botany, a name uSed by Some authors for the fumaria, or common fumitory. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.
GLOSSOIDES, in natural history, a name given by fome au- thors to a fpecies of ftone, refembling the figure oS the hu- man tongue. This is a mere accidental configuration of a common flint, or pebble, perfectly indeterminate in Size and colour, and owing its form to no animal mould, as the ftones found in Shells ufually do, but is a mere lufus natures in the concretion of the ftone.
GLOSSOPETR/E. See the article Lamiodontes.
GLOSSOSPATHA, a chirurgical inftrument, called by Some fpeculum lingua, and ufed to deprefs the tongue, in order to look into the fauces.
There are many inflammatory diforders of the mouth, fauces, and palate, which require a depreffion of the tongue, while they are infpected, and treated with proper remedies. The handle of a Silver Spoon is made to Supply the place of this inftrument in moft cafes, and anfwersthe purpofe very well. Whichever is ufed, care mould be taken to deprefs very gently, to avoid giving the patient pain$ as alfo to avoid irritating the mouth and inflamed parts.
When injections are to be made into the mouthj this in- ftrument or the fpoon fhould alfo be applied, and the Syringe lhoul'd be conveyed into the mouth over it. Heijler Surgery, p. 464.
GLOTTIS, in zoology, a name given by many authors to a bird of the long leg'd kind, approaching to the nature of our redfhank, but larger and longer legg'd, and generally known by the name limofa. See Limosa,
GLOVE. The delivery of a glove was in frequent ufe for- merly, as a Symbol of inveftiture. See Du CangeGloS. Lat. Gloves was alfo uSed to Signify the Steward's or bailiff's fee, or part of the price of the inveftiture, or purchafe money of the land. 5/ aliquam terriiorii partem venundari centzgerit, domini vendhiones hdbebunt ; fcilicet, tot denarios quot venditor indc habuerh foli'dos. Major vera terror illius pro wantis occi- put duos denarios. Where wanti, Signifies gloves, or in French, gants. DuCange Gloii'.hzt. Hence the common cuftom in many bargains of giving Ser- vants money for a pair of gloves. Suppl. Vol. I.
GLOUTIUS, in anatomy, a name given by Riolan, and fome others, to the mufcles of the thigh, generally called glutei, or Singly gluteus major, &c.
GLOW -worm, cantharis, in zoology, a claSs of infects, the antenna of which are fetaceous, the exterior wings flexile, the thorax Somewhat flatted, and the Sides of the abdomen plicated and papillofe. The Species of cantharis enumerated by Dr. Hill are thefe.
I. The cantharis, the female of which has no wings, and is the common glow-worm. 2. The cantharis, with blackifh. exterior wings, and with a red thorax, With a black Spot. 3. The red winged cantharis, with a red thorax and black Spot. 4. The cantharis, whoSe exterior wings are black, with two red tranSverSe lines. 5. The large, yellowifh, or orange- coloured cantharis, without Spots. 6. The black- winged cantharis, with a red thorax, and black Spot on it. 7. The red-wing'd cantharis, with a black thorax, and red Spot on it. 8. The braffy-green cantharis, with the exterior wings reddifh toward their edges. g.The brafly-green cantha- ris, with the exterior wings red at the tips. 10. The black cantharis, with the exterior wings yellow at the extremities.
II. The brown cantharis, with the exterior wings yellowifh, at the extremity, and the breaft reddifh. 12. The black can- tharis, with livid wings. Hill, Hift. of Animals, p. 53. feq. The common glow-worm is frequently met with under our hedges, and, if carefully taken up, may be kept alive many days on frefh turfs of grafs ; all which time it will continue to mine in the dark.
The light of this little infect is So ftrong, that it will fhew itSelf through Several Substances,' in which the creature may- be put up ; a thin pill box eafily fhews it through, and even though lined with paper, the light is not impeded in its paf- Sage by both. The creature is fluggifh, and appears dead in the day-time, and its light is not diftinguifhable, even if carried into a darkened room, unlefs the creature be turned upon its back, and disturbed, fo as to be put in motion* and then it is but very faint : after fun-fet the light begins to return, and with it the life and motion of the animal. The motion and light of this creature feem, in Some meaSure, to depend upon one another : it never fhines but when its body is in Some Sort of motion ; and when it mines moft the body is extended to one third more than its length in the day-time. In the time of brighteft'fhining, it will Sometimes of a fuddeu turn its body about, and the light will not be larger than the head of a pin ; and, on being touched, fhe will then immediately extend herfelf, and the light will become as large and as bright as ever. Phil. Tranf. N° ~]\. Flying Ghow-worm, C'uindela volans. In the warmer months of the year, this creature is fometimes caught in our houfes fly- ing to the flame of a candle, and when examined in the dark it is found luminous at thefe times, though perhaps lefs, or not at all So, at others ; which may be a reaSon of its not being known though caught in the fields : and to this it may be owing, that many who have defcribed it have thought it not a na- tive of England. See Tab. of microfcopical Objects, Clafs 1 . Without wings it is frequently enough found in form of the common glow-worm, and then always mines. Aldro- vand lias very Well defcribed the cicindela volans; and Says, that it lays eggs which hatch into Small worms, and that thfeSe after a time become flies, by the Same Sort oS change which happens to caterpillars and other reptiles which become but- terflies, and other Species oS winged inSedts. MoufFett, and Thomas Bartholin^, both defefibe the animal much as Aldro- vand has done, but they allow only the male to have wings ; but Julius Scaliger contradicts this, and Says, that he has caught them both winged in the act of generation; this is a plain proof that both Sexes are winged ; yet it has not hap- pened that both have been acknowledged to be fo even by thole who have quoted this paflage. And Mr. Waller, who gives an account of them in the Philofophical Transactions, ob- served them in the Same manner in the act of copulation both winged, and with no other difference between them, but that the female was the larger of the two,' which is the cafe in regard to many infects. Julius Scalig. Exerc. 191. Phil, Tranf. N°. 167. p. 84I.
The male and female in this winged State, both mine in hot weather, and their light is So vivid as to be eafily Seen even while there is a candle in the room ; the vibrations of it are irregular, and its colour green ifh. The luminous parts are two Small Specks under the tail at the end, and the light continues in theSe Some time after the tail is cut off, but then gradually goes out.
The parts of infects continue alive in Some degree for a confidcrable time after they are cut offj and probably the light in the tail of this animal continues juft as long as that fort of life remains in it. Mbuffett, Cap. 15; The life of this light Seems to be to direct the animal in its courfe, and in the taking of its prey, and to this purpofe it is admirably placed. The tail is eafily bent under the belly, and then throws the light Suit upon any object about, or under the head of the animal, and the eyes are placed not on the upper part, but on the under Side of the head ; fo that they have all the advantages of it, while the light" in this part is not offenfive to the eyes, as it naturally would have been, if carried before the head. The creature can' J 2 K upon
