•LIC
brown rough lichenoides with ftarry fpangles, defcribed by Micheli. Ibid. p. 158, 173.
Thefe have all their leaves, more or lefs, free ; but there are fome fpecies which have them clofely adhering, in every part, to the ftone or wood on which they grow. Of this kind the following are all the known fpecies. 1. The fmalleft fine cut lichenoides. This is extremely fmall, and of a yellow colour : the fcutelhe alfo are yellow. It grows on ftones, and is common in many parts of Germany. 2. The brown fmall cut lichenoides. The leaves of this are very narrow, and the fcutellae are black. 3. The grey fmall cut ftarry lichenoides. This grows frequently on the fmall branches of trees. 4. The green blunt cut round li- chenoides. This grows in a beautifully orbicular manner, the leaves are all collected in each plant into a fort of circle, and the feveral fmgle plants grow in fuch a manner toge- ther, as to form large circles. It grows on old trees. The fcutellae are black. 5. The green lichenoides with fmall diftorted leaves. This has leaves divided into very narrow fegments, and grows on the barks of old trees. 6. The thin and foft agaric-like lichenoides. This is of a greyifh colour, and grows on rocks. 7. The cartilaginous liche- noides with large fpangles. The leaves of this are fmall, but broad and rigid ; they grow, like tiles, one over another ; the fcutellae are very large, and of a yellowifh tawney co- lour. 8. The greenifh lichenoides with chefnut coloured fcu- telias. This has fmall leaves collected into round tufts, the inner leaves of which are all the way fmaller than the outer. It grows on rocks in the mountainous parts of Eng- land and Wales. 9. The common curled lichenoides with yellow leaves and plates. This is a middle fized kind, and grows very frequently on trees and old walls, io. The olive coloured lichenoides with fmooth plates. This always grows in an orbicular form. Its leaves are very thin, and adhere firmly to the barks of trees. 11. The olive co- loured lichenoides with watry fcutellae. The leaves of this are fmaller, and more cut and divided than thofe of the former. 12. The olive coloured lichenoides with wrinkled fcutellae. The leaves of this are of a fomewhat greener hue than the former, and the fcutellae deeper. 13. The hairy purple ftone lichenoides, called cork+ or arcell, and by fome ken du. The poor people ufe this in many places for dying, or framing their linnen. 14. The black groenland cork, or lichenoides. The leaves of this are very fmall, and finely divided, and the tubercles ftand very thick and clofe together. 15. The fmooth bladder cork, or lichenoides. The leaves of this are not hairy at the edges, but are befet with a great number of veficles. 16. The common blucifh grey pitted lichenoides. This is very common on old trees, and gates and pales. It very rarely produces the fcutellae. J7. The fmooth endive leaved lichenoides. The leaves of this are green and curled at the edges, and black under- neath. It grows on the ground in dry heathy places. 18. The wrinkled rofe leaved lichenoides. This is of a yel- -lowifh green colour, and is ufually expanded into the form of a rofe. It is common in many places both on walls and trees. 19. The bright green lichenoides with reddifh difhes. This grows frequently on old afh trees in Ireland, and in fome parts of England. 20. The pale blue fcollop- ped leaved lichenoides. The leaves of this ftand in thick clufters, and are beautifully divided at the edges. 21. The footy lichenoides with ruft coloured fpangles. The leaves of this are foft and thin, and are divided into many f ments: the fcutellae rarely appear. Ibid. p. 178, 194. The third feries of the lichenoides takes in thofe which are dry and peltated, or clypeated, which have tubercles of a roundim, or oblong figure, fometimes flat, fometimes con- vex, but never concave, nor furrounded with any rim or margin, in the manner of the fcutellae of the former kind: The following are the known fpecies of this kind of licht noides. Firft of fuch as have the edges of the leaves, or their appendages, growing to the whole fubftance of the peltae ; that is, whofe peltae adhere by their whole inferior rim. 1. The rough villofe lichenoides with fmall peltae or fliields. The leaves of this are oblong, and divided into broad fegments ; the colour is a deep green at firft, which turns to a brownifh red when dry. 2. The common grey or afh coloured ground lichenoides, famous for the cure of the bite of a mad dog. 3. The dark coloured fingered lichenoides, with curled lettuce like leaves. This is ufually confounded with the former kind. It grows in the fame places with that, and is indeed more common. The leaves are more rigid and thick in this fpecies, and are divided into deeper fegments, with curled edges turning inward, if. The brown lichenoides with flat fhields. This has vari- oufly finuated leaves, and grows frequently among grafs, and other moffes, in dry places. 5. The livid lichenoides with reverfed brown fhields. This is fmaller, and its leaves ftiorter than the precedent kinds. 6. The fine green li- chenoides with black warts. The leaves of this are fliort and broad, and in the recent plant are of a good green. 7. The afh coloured many fingered lichenoides. The leaves of this are an inch, or a little more, in length, narrow at their bafe, and broader toward the extremities ; they are
L I F
of a dufky greyifh green, and the peltae ftand upon a fort of pedicles, and are of a brownifh colour. 8. The double fingered tranfparent lichenoides. The leaves of this are about an inch long, divided into many fegments, and of a whitifh green colour. 9. The fmall green lichenoides with flat black fhields. The leaves of this are half an inch long, broad, fmooth, and rigid. 10. The leaft round leaved lichenoides. The leaves of this are flat, and He clofe upon the ground j they are green, and are the fmalleft of thofe of all the liche- noides. 11. The eryngo leaved lichenoides. This is very rigid, and its leaves are varioufly finuated. 12. The finer eryngo leaved lichenoides. This is a tenderer plant than the former, and its leaves are more curled at the edges. Ibid. p. 204.
The fecond divifion of thefe lichenoides contains thofe which have pileated heads or peltse, fuftained on fhort pedicles which are fixed to their middle. The known fpecies of this kind are the following. 1. The common tree lungwort* This is a tough membranaceous fubftance of a brownifh co- lour, reticulated with a number of veins, and adorned with a great many peltae at the edges. It is common on the bark of large woods. 2. The glaucous leaved lungwort, woolly on the underfide. The leaves of this are lobated or divided into broad obtufe fegments. 3. The buck's horn lichenoides fpungy on the under fide. The leaves of thefe fpread upon ftones, and grow to four or five inches in length. The peltae are fmall, and grow both on the edges and in the mid- dle of the leaf. 4. The horny fimbriated lichenoides with heads like hair buttons. The leaves of this are about an inch long, and are ufually arranged in a circular manner. 5. The grey leathery lichenoides with black warts. This feldom exceeds an inch in length, the peltae or warts are very fmall. 6. The fad coloured ftifF lichenoides with black pelta?. This grows in a circular direction, and is about two inches in length in the largcft leaves. 7. The chagrin lichenoides. This is black, and is granulated in the manner of the common chagrin leather. 8. The orange coloured lichenoides with black flat peltae. This was found by Linnaeus in Lapland. 9. The liverwort-like lichenoides with peltae in fockets. This is found on ftones in fome parts of England, and fomewhat refembles the preceding kind. 10. The round leaved peltated Lapland lichenoides with undivided edges, and leaves very hairy underneath. Ibid. p. 222. To all thefe there are to be added fome other fpecies, the peltae or fhields of which very rarely, if ever appear, fo that they have not yet been obferved. 1, The grey cloudy leather-like lichenoides, yellow on the under fide. This is found on moift rocks in fome parts of England. 2. The imbricated, lead coloured lichenoides. The leaves of this are fmall, and it grows in moift places on rocks. 3. The fmall fmooth rocky lichenoides with dufky leaves. This grows alfo in wet places. 4. The fmged lichenoides with grey puftules. This is one of the moft elegant plants of this numerous tribe, and is found on moift rocks in fome parts of France, and in fome mountainous places with us.
5. The little yellowifh ftone lichenoides with pulpy leaves.
6. The fmall green undivided lichenoides defcribed by Mi- cheli. 7. The fmall green ftone lichenoides with imbricated leaves defcribed by the fame author. And, 8. Haller's fmall liche?ioides with lhort thick fcales. As all thefe delight in watery places, it is much to be queftioned whether they are not varieties of the other fpecies, which had they grown in their natural dry foil, would have afTumed their regular figure, and been furnifhed with their peltae. Ibid. p. 229.
LICINITJM, a word ufed by many chirurgical writers to ex- prefs a tent.
LICNON, Ai«»o», in the-Dionyfian folemnities, the myftical van of Bacchus ; a thing fo eifential to all the folemnities of this god, that they could not be duly celebrated without it. Pott. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 383. See Dionysia, Cycl.
LICNOPHORI, Ai*».ip § 0( , in theDionyfian folemnity, thofe who carried the licnon. See Licnon.
LICTORS, among the Romans, were ofHcers who always attended the chief magiftrates when they appeared in public. The duty of their office confifted in the three fpllowino- par- ticulars. 1. Submotio, or clearing the way for the magi- strate they attended ; this they did by word of mouth ; or if there was occafion by ufing the rods they always carried along with them. 2. Animadverfio, or caufing the people to pay the ufual refpect to the magiftrate, as to alight, if on horfeback or in a chariot ; to rife up, uncover, make way, and the like. 3. Praitio, or walking before the ma- giftrates ; this they did not confufedly, or all together, nor by two or three a-breaft, but fingly following one another in a ftrait line. Their enfigns were the fafces and fecuris. Pitifc. in voc. See Fasces and Securis. As to the number of llSiors allowed each magiftrate, a dic- tator had twenty-four, a mafter of the horfe fix, a conful twelve, a praetor fix ; and each veftal virgin, when flie ap- peared abroad, had one.
LIENIS infarfius, in medicine. See the article Spleen.
LIFE (Cycl.) — Life of animals. Some contend th2t the life of animals is preferved by the acid parts of the air mixing with the blood in the lungs ; which parts diffolve or atte- nuate
