C Y N
C 3*7 )
ring afide this Occafion, they were feldom ufed but by dif- folute and effeminate People.
Mr. Lampe, who has wrote exprefly on the Subject, attri- butes the Invention to the Curetes, or Inhabitants of Mount Jda in C rcu '■ Tis ccrtain i thefe, as well as the Corybantes, ot Guards of the Kings of Crete ; and thofe of Rhodes, and Samothraaa, were reputed to excel in the Mufick of the Cymbal. See Corybantes.
Syllilirgiits derives the Word W/igaA©- from three feveral Gr ' c ck Roots, eta. from xupo;, crooked ; from iiUMUr, C»# : and from »»»», Pi»'«. V/ZWwe derives it from «J», and bal- lemetica, an ltnmoded Dance, ufed to accompany this In- flrument. The real Etymology appears to be from xi!pg&, Cmi*S- „ , , , .
The ,Jews, too, had their Cymbals, which they called
GrTP?.' ° r ^/i?*? ?. or at kaft, Indruments that the
CYP
a Bed laid in the middle of fhe Room "« I^J^Inf
A little while they would lie quietly and decently 'toge- tner ; but upon a new Orgafm of the Spirits, they Be™ m beat and bruife each other. Two of the youngeft awat'd while the Doctor ftaid, and left their Sifters on C& Bed ■ bu tne spefmm foon had hold on 'em again.
In July, i 700> Dr. Freiud himfelf vifited another Fa- mily, in the fame Village 5 where one Boy and three Girls naa Deen ieizd ten Weeks, without any apparent preceding Caule. A Girl had it fird ; and the reft, as the Mother inform d him, were fo ftruck with their Sifter's Diiorder that they too were feiz'd. At his Arrival,
Greek, Latin, and Englifh Tranflators render Cymbals ; for as to their Matter, Form, (git, the Criticks are wholly in the dark.
The Modern Cymbal is a paltry Inftrument, chiefly in ufe among Vagrants, Gypfies, ££fc. It confifts of fteel Wire, in a triangular Form, whereon are pafs'd five Rings, which are touch 'd and fluffed along the Triangle with an Iron Rod held in the left Hand, while 'tis fupportcd in the right hy a Ring, to give it the freer Motion.
Durandtts fays, that the Monks us'd the Word Cymbal for the Bell hung in the Cloifter, ufed to call 'em to the Refectory. CTi ™ F ° RME 0j > '" Anatomy. See Naviculars Oj. CYNEGETICS, Cygnetica, Books treating of the Art of Hunting. Gratius Falifcus has wrote Cynegetica with Applaufe.
CYNICS, a Sett of antient Philofophers, who valu'd them- felves on their Contempt of every thing, efpecially Riches and State, Arts and Sciences ; all excepting Morality.
The Founder of this Sefl is faid to have been Antifi- knei a Dilciple of Socrates ; who, after his Mailer's Death, quitting the Tyreum, retir'd to Cynofarges, a kind of Academy not far from the Gates of Athens.
Hence, fome will have it, came the Name tmaxf, Cytii- as, viz. from Cynofargc. But others, with more probabi- lity, derive it from mim, Canis, becaufe of rheir Severity and Importunity in reprehending Vice.
Thus, Ariftotle obferves, « 3' mmtl i™s ir^kw-m JW ™ «#»«« -miv, iSc. Cynicks were fo called, from their free wy of rebuking, Sic.
Hence, Diogenes the Cynic faid of himfelf, worapM Mnr, 1 bite the Evil ; and Antifihenes himfelf was called itnt- »«, an ingenious and flncere Dog : It being the diflin- guilhing CharaScr of the Cynics, to attack and bark at the 111, and to defend and fawn on the Good.
Arrian praifes the cynical Genius to the Skies : ' A Cy- ' "'<:, fays be, is a Meffenger fent from Jupiter, to over-
' look human Affairs ; a publick Doftor, and Tutor of
Mankind ; indrufls, and chailifes at the fame time:
' An JEfculapius ; a Lotd and King, adorn'd with a Scep-
| ter and Diadem, who governs the People ; and this
^ voluntarily, without trembling, without Guards, ISc. but 1 by a good Confcience.
The Ground of this Encomium, may be owing, in fome meafure, to that affinity between the Stacks and Cynicks : the chief difference between 'em was, that the former were more modeft and referv'd than the latter ; who were "id to have banilTi'd all Shame, and were abh any Obfcenity without blufliing.
Hence, Laertiits obferves of Diogenes, that he did every thing openly, whether it belong'd to Ceres or to Venus :
\'ri fime Lacr " ln adds > that ne ditl it in imitation of the Chondidafcali, i. e. he only ran to an Excefs of Impu- dence, to put others out of conceit with it,
Stefimss Cynicus, a fort of Spafm, or Convulfion ; where- by the Patient is brought to imitate the Geftures, Snarling!, Howhngs, fiV. of a Dog. See Spasmus.
Dr. Freind, in the 'Pbibfophical T"ranfac~lioils, gives us an Account of a very extraordinary Spafmus of this Kind, wherewith two Families, at 'Blackthorn in Oxfordfliire, were feiz'd.
, Tl, r e Novelty of the Thing drew abundance of Vifitors to we Village, and among the red Dr. Willis; who. a good «'le ere he reach'd the Place, heard a terrible Noife of J™ng and howling : upon his entering the Houfe, he
as , ltrait ial "ted with five Girls, bawling, and anfwering
In tl ° by tUrns ' witn violeiu Motions of the Head.
tneir Face there was no Convulfion feen, befide Cynic
"tortions, and Ofcillations of the Mouth : Their Pulfe was Sowr rc S, ular ; thei Noife was rather like that of the
™"g. than of the barking of Dogs ; only that its Returns
ere more frequent, with deep Sighings between, vn,™ a M!m " had fc iz'd 'em all equally; whereof the Joangdt was but fix, and the elded fifteen Years of Age At Intervals they had their Reafon
practife
. they were all at play, very brifkly and unconcernedly, before the Doors ; at length the eldcft G.rl, about fourteen Years of Age, was feiz'd a! ufual.
ihe only Symptom of its approach, was a Swelling of !k ,m \ f h,ch " fu] S gradually up the Throat, fet the Mufcles of the Larynx and the Head upon their ulual Convulfion! : Tins Rifing was a certain Symptom of an ap- proaching Paroxyfm in 'em all ; and if they endeavour'd to lop it, it burft out with the greater Violence, and held the longer.
The Noife they made was inceffant, and difagreeable ; yet not fo much like the barking or howling of Dogs, as had been given out, as a quaint kind of a Song, confiding of three £otes, or Tones, repeated twice over I and clofed by deep Sigh', h.c. accompany'd with extraordinary Geftures and Nutations of the Head.
This Difeafe the Doctor takes to be natural; and to arife from the common Caul'e of all Convulfions, viz,, from the Animal Spirits growing unruly in the Nerves, and driving the Mufcles into vatious Contraflions, according to the Cir- cumftances of the Inclifpofition. See Convulsion.
CYNODESMUS, among Anatomiits, rhe Band, or Li- gament, which ties the Prepuce of the Yard to the Nut, or Glaus. See Prepuce, and Glans.
CYNOREXY, an immoderate Appetite ; to the Deoree of a Dileafe ; called alfo Fames Camna, and •£uhmy. °See Bulimy.
and Senfes entire 5 but
CYNOSURA, in Aftronomy, a Name the Greeks have given to Urfa Minor, or the little Bear. See Ursa.
This is the Conftellation next our Pole, confiding of feven Stars ; four whereof are difpos'd like the four Wheels of a Chariot ; and three lengthwife, reprefenting the Beam ■ whence fome give it the Name of the Chariot, or Charles's Wain.
From thefe feven Stars it is the Pole takes its Name, Sep- tentrtonahs ; and the reft of the Hemifphere, as far as the Line, Septets Tribnes. See Pole, North, S?c.
The Word Cynofura is form'd of /.ivmzpg. q. d. theDc's- Tail. *
CYON, or CION, a Graft, Sprig, or Sucker. See Cion, Graft, &c.
CYPHER. See Cipher. i CYPHI, a Term in the Arabian Pharmacy, fignifying a kind of ftrengthning Perfume. See Perfume.
Mithridatcs gives the Appellation Cvt'bi to the Troches wherewith the Egyptian Priefts us'd to'fweeten their Gods, to make 'em grant what they requefted. He ufed rhe fame in the Compofiticn of Mithridate, on account of their effi- cacy againd Poifons, Defluxions, i5e. See Mithriiiate. The Cyphi are compos'd of Raifins, or dry'd Grapes, Tur- pentine, Myrrh, Bdellium, Spica Nardi, Caffia Ligne'a, Af- palathum, Saffron, £=?<;. temper'd into a Mafs with Honey and a little Wine.
CYPHON1SM, CYPHONISMUS, a Kind of Torture, or Puniihmcnt, in ufe among the Antients.
The Learned are at a lofs to determine what it was : Some will have it to be that mention'd by S. Jerom, in his Life of 'Paul the Hermit, Ch. II. which confided in fmeer- ing the Body over with Honey, and thus expofing the Party, with his Hands ty'd, to the warm Sun, to invite the Flies and other Vermin to perfecute him.
CYPRESS, CuprcJJits, in Natural Hidory, a precious fort of Wood, the Produce of a Tree of the fame Name ; fre- quent in the Ifland of Cyprus.
It is very compact, and heavy ; and its Smell as agreea- ble as that of Santa!. It fcatce ever rots, decays, or is worm- eaten, no more than Cedar, or Ebony : For which Reafon, the Antients ufed it to make the Statues of their Gods.
In Candia, and particularly about Mount Ida, rhe Plant is faid to rife fpontaneoufty, wherever the Earth is a little dug 5 but is exceeding difficult to raife by Art.
The Fruit of this Tree, call'd Cones, is us'd in adringent Decoctions, for Hernia's, Hemorrhages, i$c.
CYPRUS, an Order of Knights, call'd alfo Knights of Silence, and Knights of the S-.vord ; inftituted by Guy de Lufignan, King of Cyprus, in 11^2.
The
