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fled. For to move by no other, than Harmonica! Intervals, would not only want Variety, and fo weary us with a tedious Repetition of the fame Things, but the very Perfection of fuch Relations of Sounds would cloy the Ear in the fame Manner as fwect and lufcious Things do the Tafle, which for that reafon are artfully feafon'J with the Mixture of Sower and Bitter. See Degrees.
2. With refpect to Mufic in Parts, i. e. when two, or more Voices joyn in Confonance, the general Rule is, that the fuc- ceffive Sounds of each be fo order'd, that the feveral Voices fhall be all Concords. Now there ought to be a Variety in the Choice of thofc fucccflive Concords, and alfo in the Me- thod of their Succeffions ; all which depends on the Move- ment of the Angle Parts. So that, if thefe could only move in an agreeable Manner by harmonicalDiflances, there are but a few different Ways wherein they could move from Con- cord to Concord ; and hereby we Should lofe much of the Ravifhment of Sounds in Confonance. As to this Part then, the Thing demanded is a Variety of Ways whereby each An- gle Voice, or more in Confonance, may move agreeably in the fucceffive Sounds, fo as to pafs from Concord to Concotd, and meet at evety Note in the fame, or a different Con- cord, from what they flood in at the laft Note.
In what Cafes, and for whatReafons Difcords are allow'd, the Rules of Composition muft teach 5 But only joyning the r e tveo Confederations, ZSc. we fee how imperfect Mufic Would be without any other Intervals than Concords. See Composition.
Beiide the Conciiinous Difcords ufed designedly in Mu- fic 5 there are feveral other Difcord Relations, which hap- pen unavoidably, in a Kind of accidental, and indirect Manner. Thus in the Succeffion of feveral Notes there are to be confider'd not only the Relations of thofe which fuc- ceed others immediately, but alfo of thofe betwixt which other Notes intervene. Now the inmediate Succeffion may be conducted fo as to produce good Melody ; yet among the diftant Notes there may be very grofs Difcords, that would not be tolerable in immediate Succeffion, and far lefs in Con- fonance. And fuch Difcords are actually contained in the Scale of Mufic. Thus, taking any one Species, e. gr. that with the greatet Third, and marking the Degrees betwixt each Term and the next ; and tho' the Progression be me- lodious, as the Terms refer to one common Fundamental, yet there are feveral Si/cords among the mutual Rela- tions of the Terms, e.gr. from 4th to 7th g is 32 : 45 5 and from 2d g to 6th g, is 27 : 40 ; and from 2d g to 4th is 27 : 52 all Difcords.
The Species of Counterpoint, wherein there is a Mixture of Difcords, Is call'd Figurative Counterpoint ; Of which there are two Kinds : That wherein the Difcords are in- troduced occafionall*, to fcrvc as Tranfitions from Concord to Concord 5 and that wherein the 'Difcord bears a chief Part in the Harmony. See Figurative Counterpoint.
Upon the unaccented Parts of the Meafure, Difcords may tranfiently pafs without any Offence to the Bar: This is call'd Sufpofltion, by reafon the tranfient Difcord fuppofes a Concord immediately following. See Supposition.
'The Harmony of Difcords i? that wherein the Difcords are made Ufe of as the foiid and fubflantial Part of the Harmony. For by a proper Interpofition of a Difcord, the Succeeding Concords receive an additional Luflre. Thus the Difcords are in Mufic what the ftrong Shades are in Paint- ing. See Harmony.
The Difcords are the 5th when joyn'd with the <fth ; the 4th joyn'd with the 5th, the pth is of its own Nature a Difcord; fo is the 7th.
1 he Difcords are introduced into the Hatmony with due Preparation, and mutt be fucceeded by Concords ; which is commonly call'd the Refoltitida of the Difcord. The Dif- cord is prepar'd by fubfifling firtt in the Harmony in the Quality of a Concord ; that is, the fame Note which be- comes the Difcord is firft a Concord to the Bafs-Note im- mediately preceding that to which it is a Difcord.
The Difcord is refolved by being immediately fucceeded by a Concord defcending from it by the Diftance only of greater 2d, or leffer 2d.
Apple o/Discord, 'PomumDifcordi<e, a Phrafe ufed to Signify the Subjeft, or Occasion offome Mifunderftanding in a Society.
It is borrow'd from Mythology : The Poets feign, that at the Marriage of 1 hem and Teleus, the Goddefs'of2)»/OTni! threw a golden Apple whereon were wrote tbe r e Words, 'fo the Fairejl, which immediately flirr'd up a Diffention be- tween Juno, 'Pallas, and Venus, each pretending a Title to the Apple.
DISCOVERY, in Dramatic Poetry, a Manner of Unra- velling a Plot, or FabJe, very frequent in Traeedies, Come- dies, and Romances ; wherein, by fome unforeseen Accident a Difcovery is made of the Name, Fortune, Quality, and other Circumftances of a principal Perfon, before unknown. See Unravelling, Fable, Wc.
A late Author defines the Difcovery by a Change, which bringing us from Ignorance to Knowledge, produce's either Love or Hatred in thofe whom the Poet has a Defign to make either happy, or miferable. For a Difcovery Should never be in vain, by leaving thofe who thus difcover one an- other in the fame Sentiments they were in before : In Effect thofc Difcoveries, which are immediately follow'd by a Pe- ripetia, or Change of Fortune of fome principal Character whereon the Unravelling depends, are the moil beautiful! See Peripatia.
One of the Rm&Difcoveries ever brought upon the Stage, is that of Oedipus in Socrates ; For the minute he finds himfelf the Son of that Jocafla, who was then his Wife, he becomes of the moll happy, the molt miferable of all Men.
There are three Sorts of Difcoveries : The firtt by cer- tain Marks in the Body, either natural, or accidental ; Such is that nfUlyffes, who having recciv'd a Wound in the Tni<di by a Boar, before the Trojan War, is difcover 'd by the old Nurfc, upon waffling his Legs after hisRcturn home incognito.
The Second by Tokens ; as the Cafket of Things, which the Prietts found with Ion when he was expoSed, difcovers Creufa, whom he was a-going to kill, to be his Mother.
The third is made by Remembrance, that is, when the Sight, or Hearing of any Thing occasions us to recollect our Misfortunes. Thus, when Ulyffes heard Domodoctis fing his Actions at Troy, the Memory of them flruck him, and drew Tears from his Eyes, which difcover'd him to Alcinous.
But the finefl Sort is that, which arifes from the Subject, or Incidents of the Fable; as that of Oedipus from his eicef- five Curiofity ; and the Letter that Iphigenia Sent by 'Py- lades. See Fable.
DISCOUNT, in Commerce, a Sum deducted, or retain'd in Hand, upon paying a greater. It is much ufed among Mechanics, and Manufactutes, who keep Workmen, Journy- men, Labourers, (£>c. for the Sums advanced them before hand, which are difcountcd when the' Payments arc made in Courfe.
Discount, is particularly ufed for an Allowance made on a Bill of Exchange, or any other Debt not yet become due ; to induce the Acceptor, or Debtor, to advance the Money. See Exchange.
Dif counts are alfo frequently made for the Payment of dubious, or bad Debts. See Rebate.
Discount is alfo us'd among Merchants when they buy Commodities on Truft, with a Condition, that the Seller Shall difcount fo much with him per Cent, for each Pay- ment made before the Time expir'd. See Prompt 'Pay- ment.
The Sieirr de la Tone diflinguifh.es between thefe two Kinds of Difcount : The firtt, or that upon Bills of Ex- change, is rcckon'd like the Exchange, at the Rate of fo much per Cent. e. gr. at 2 per Cent. Difcount on an hundred, there is only ninety eight Pound to pay : whereas that on Commo- dities, is not only laid on the hundred Pound, but on the hundred and Difcount added together. So that difcounting for Goods at 10 per Cent, there is only 8 abated on an hun- dred and eight, and not on the hundred. This latt, he fays, is the true Difcount.
Discount, is alfo us'd for theTarc, or Watte of any Commodity, Sum, iSc. There are 12 Shillings Difcount in this Bag.
The Cag of Oil font me from Spain leaks ; there are fifty Pints Difcount. Sec Tare, C?ir.
DISCOURSE, an Operation of the human Mind, where- by it paffes, or procedes from one Thing to another; that is, from a known Thing to an unknown. See Reasoning.
The School-men define it an Ait of Cognition, whereby the Mind deduces one Thing from another : This it does, when in Confequencc of an Affcnt given to one Proposition! is gives Affent to another ; So that Difcourfe confitts in a Depcndancy of Aflents ; and fuppofes fuch an Order be- twen the Acts, that that belonging to the Confequent ari- fes from that belonging to the Antecedent. So that the In- tellect is then faid, difenrrere, to difcourfe, when from an Affent to one, or more Propofitions, it draws an Affent to an- other.
The Object of Difcourfe, therefore, or that about which the Intellea is employ 'd in Difcourfing, is the Connexion ofExtreams confider'd with regard to fome Third, or Me- dium : Thus, when it judges, that every reafonable Animal is risible, affirming, that there is a Connexion between Rifi- bility, and Rationality ; and then finds, there is likewife a Connexion betwixt Man and reafonable Animal ; And after- wards gathering from the Connexion found between Rifible and Man, with Rational, that Man and Rifible have like- wife a Connexion, as both are connected with Rational: it is faid to difcourfe.
Hence it appears, that Difcourfe, whereof Men ufe to va- lue themSelves, does really betray the Infirmity of the hu- man Underftanding ; as it denotes a Chain or Scale of feve- ral
