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The- Deftgil #as laid by the Du'Jce eVEfcakn'a ; and ap- prov'd of by the King in 1714, who declar'd hirnfelf Pro- teclor thereof— It coniilts of 24 Acadcnujls } including the Director and Secretary.
Its Device is a Crucible on the Fire, with this Motto, Liffl- f'm, fija, y da efplendor.
Academy of the Nature Curiofi, in Germany, was firft founded in 1652, by M, Saucb a Phyfician ; and taken in itfyo under the Protection of the Emperor Leopold.
There are other Academical Inftitutions at 'Berlin, and 'other Parts 'of the North 5 feveral of which having diitin- guifh'd 'themfelvcs by their -Journals, Ephemcrides, &c. the Reader will find an Account of 'em under the Article Journal.
Italy, aione, has more Academics of note than all the reft of the World ; not a City but furni flies a Set of learned Per- sons for an Academy, which to them feems an efTential Part of a regular Conlritution. — Jarckius has given us a Speci- men of their Hiftory, printed at Leipjtc, in 1725 ; and gives us, withal, to ex peel a fuller and more perfect Account from feveral learned Perfons, who have been long 'employ'd about the fame 5 as Kratifius, Profeflbr of Eloquence at Leipjtc 5 Hyacinth. Gimma, and Mich. Richcyus.
Jdrckiffi y s Account goes no further than thofe of T'icdmont, Ferrara, and Milan - 7 in which laft City he reckons 25 : But he adds a Lift of all the reft, to the Number of 550. — The names of moft of 'em are very curious.
The Academics, e.g. of Boulogne, are called Abandonati, Anfiofi, Otioji, Arcadi, Confuji, Difettuojt, Dubbiofi, Impaticnti, Inabili, Indifferenti , Indomiti, Inquieti, Injlabili, Della notte, <Piacere, Sitienti, Sonnolenti, Twbidi, Vefpertin'u. Thofe of Genoa, Accordati, Sopiti, Refaegliati : Of Gubio, Addormentati ; Of Venice, Acuti, Allct- tatiy Difcordanti, Difgutnti, Difingannati, Dodonei, Fila- delfici, Incrufcabili, Injiancabili : Of Rimini, Adagiati, Eutrapeli ■ Of Pavia, Affidati, Della Chiave : Of Per mo, Raffrontati : Of Moiifa, Agitati .- Of Florence, Alterati, Humidi, Furfurati, Della Crufca, Del Cimento y Infocati : Of Cvcmom,Animoji; QtJ$2,y\Qs,Arditi,Infemati, Intronati, Lunatici, Segreti, Sirenes, Sicnri, Volanti: Of Ancona, Ar- gonauti, Caliginofi : Of Urbino, AJforditi : Of Perugia, A- romiy Eccentrici, Infenfati, Injifidi, Unifoni : Of Taren-
tum, Audaci : Of Macerata, Catenati t Imperfetti : Of
Chim<erici : Of Sienna, Cortefi, Gioviali, TrapaJ/dti : Of Rome Delfici, Humorifti, Lyncei, Fantaftici, Mluminati, Incitati, Indifpofitiy Infeccondi, Malencolici, Negletti, Notti Vaticane, Nottumi, Ombrojt, Pellegrini, Sterili, Vigilant! : Of Padua, Delii, Inimaturi, Ordati : Of Trepano, Diffi- cili : Of BrefTe, Difperjt, Erranti : Of Mutina, Diffonan- ti : Of Recanatum, Difvguali : Of Syracufe, Ebrii : Of Milan, Eliconii, Faticoji, Fenici, Incerti, Nafcojli : Of Candia, Extravaganti : Of Pefaro, Eterocliti : Of Coma- chio, Fluttitanti : Of Arezzo, Forzati .- Of Turin, Fnlmi- nates: OfReggio, Fumojt, Muti ; Of Cortona, Hitmoroji : Of Bari, Incogniti : Of RofTano, Incur iojl -. Of Brada, In- nominati, (Pigri : Of Acis, Intricati : Of Mantua, In- vaghiti : Of Agrigento, Mutabili, Offilfcati : Of Verona, Olympici, Uranii : Of Viterbo, Oflinati : Of Vaga- bond}. ,
ACADEMY, is alfo ufed among us for a kind of Colle- giate School, or Seminary ; where Youth are inftructed in the Liberal Arts, and Sciences ; in a private way. See School, Seminary, College, &c.
The Nonconformift Minifters, lye. are many of them bred up in fuch private Academies 3 as not relifhing the common Univerfity- Education.
Academy is alfo ufed in fpeaking of the Schools of the ye-zvs : i. e. thofe where the Rabbins or Doctors inftrucT: the Youth of their Nation in the Hebrew Tongue 5 explain to 'em the Talmud i, teach 'em the Cabbala, ^&c. See Rab- ein, Cabbala, f£c.
The fo-ws have had of thefe Academies, ever flnce their Return from the 'Babylonijlj Captivity.
The Academics of \fibcrias and 'Babylon are celebrated. See Tiberias, Massoretes, Talmud, &c.
Academy is particularly underitood of a Riding- School • or a Place where young Gentlemen are taught to ride the great ilorfc, with other luitable Exerdfes 5 as Fencing, Qfo See Exercise.
This is what Vitnivius calls Ephcbeim. See Gymnasi- um, Gym as tic, &c.
The Duke of Ne-zvcajile will have the Art of Riding to have had its Origin m Italy, and the &*i\ Academy tf thisYort to have been eftabli/h'd at Naples, by Frederic Grifon ; who hesdds, wasthefirft that wrote on the Subject ; which he did like a true Cavalier, and a great Mafter. — Henry VIII. fays the fame Author, call'd over two Italians, Difciples of Gri- jbfii into England ; who foon ftock'd the Nation with Ecu- yers, or Riding-Mafters.
He adds, that the greateft Mafter Italy ever produe'd, was 2 Neapolitan, 'Fignatelli by Name ; that La Broiie rid un-
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^er him five Yeats ; 'Plnviucl nine ; and S. Antboine many Years : and that thefe three Frenchmen fill'd France with French Mailers ; which till then had known none but Ita- lians.
The Ground fct apart in an Jcademy, for riding, is call'd the Manage; having ufually a Pillar in the Centre, and other Pillars, placed two by two, at the Sides. See Manage, and Pillar.
Academy, or kchttw.\- Figure, in Painting, is a Draw- ing or Defign made after a Model, with a Crayon or Pencil. — Or the Copy of fuch a Draught. See Design.
ACANACEOUS, among Botanifls, a Term applied to a Oafs of Plants, popularly known under the Name of the I'bifile Kind. See Thistle, and Cardoos.
The Word is form'd of the Greek azafa, Jaw, I ftiar- pen ; in regard of the Prickles they are befet withal.
ACAKTABOLUS, or Acanthabolus, a Surgeon's In- flrument ; called alfo Volfella.
'Tis ihaped like a Pair of Pincers ; and is ufed to take out any prickly Subftance that fhall chance to flick to the Oefophagus or Gullets or the Fragments of corrupted Bones, Hair ; or any thing that by chance remains in a Wound.
The fame Term, Acantabolm, is alfo ufed for an Inftru- ment wherewith People pull out the Hairs from their Eye- brows, i$c.
It is form'd from the Greek cLHM^a t Spina, and |3&M<y, ja- cio, I throw away.
ACANTHA, among fome Anatomifls, is applied to the hind, or pofterior Protuberances of the Vertebra of the Back ; forming what we call the Spina 'Dorfi. See Ver- tebra, and Spina.
ACANTHUS, in Architeflurc, an Ornament in the Co- rinthian and Compofite Orders ; being the Reprefentation of the Leaves of an Acanaceous Plant, in the Capitals thereof. See Capital, and Leaves.
It takes its Name from dK&vfa, the Name given the Plant among the Greeks, as being prickly, or of the Thiftle Kind. The Latin Botanifls call it Srancha Urfina, Bears- foot, from fome fuppofed refemblance it bears thereto ; or Srancha Hircina, by reafon its Leaves bend and twill fomewhat like a Goat's Horns.-
There are two Kinds of the Plant Acanthus, one whereof grows wild, and is full of Prickles ; the other grows in Gar- dens, and is by Virgil called Mollis, in regard it is foft, and without any Prickles. — The Greek Sculptors adorn'd their Works with the Figure of the latter 5 as the Gothic did witb. that of the former, which they reprefented not only in their Capitals, but alfo in other Ornaments.
The Garden Acanthus, is the moft dented ; bearing a good deal of refemblance to Parfley, or Smallage : And thus it is we find it reprefented in the Compojite Capitals of 1'itus, and Septimiils Sevens at Rome.
Thefe Leaves make the principal Character and Diftinflion of the two rich Orders from the reft : and their different Number and Arrangement does alfo diftinguifh the two Or- ders from each other. See Order 5 fee alfo Corinthian, and Composite.
The Origin and Occafion of the Ornament, fee under the Article Abacus.
ACATALECTIC, Acatalectus, in the antient Poe- try, a Term applicable to fuch Verfes as have all their Feet and Syllables ; and are in no wife defective at the End. See Verse, and Foot.
As, on the contrary, CataleBic Verfes are thofe which end too haftily, and with a Syllable fliorr. See Catalec- tic.
The Words come from h'rya, define 5 whence wwaMfitJ- x®-, which wants fomething at the End ; and the Privative « being prefix'd a'«et)aAiis7'x©-, which wants nothing at the End.
In the following Strophe of Horace, the two firft Verfes are AcataleQic, and the laft Catalectic.
Sohitur acris byems, grata vice Veris S? Favoni : Trahuntque Jiccas machine carinas—
ACATERY, in the King's Houfhold, a kind of Check betwixt the Clerks of the Kitchen and the Purveyors. See Purveyor, Clerk, Houshold, &c.
The Officers of the Acatery, are a Sergeant, two Joint- Clerks, and a Yeoman of the Salt-Stores.
ACATALEPS1A, Acatalepsy, in Philofophy, Incom- prebenfiblenefs ; or the Impoffioiiiry of comprehending or conceiving a thing. See Comprehension.
The •Pyrrhmans and Sccpticks, and even the Antient Academy, afferted an abfolute Acatalepfta : All human Sci- ence or Knowledge, according to them, went no further than to Appearances and Verilimilitude. See Pyrriionian, Sceptic, and Academy.
They
