DOG
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DOL
Dodona's Foreft, was a Wood, or Grove of Oaks, all con- fecrated to Jupiter. In this Wood was a Temple of that God, wherein was the rnoft famous, and as 'tis faid, the molt ancient Oracle of all Greece. See Oracle.
Indeed, 'twas not in the Temple only, that Oracles were deliver'd ; The Pidgeons that inhabited the Wood, are faid to have done the fame.
The Origin, and Occafion of this Fable, we have from He- rodotus, who obferves, it was founded on this, that neW^s, which in the Theffalian Language fignifies a Pidgeon, does likewife fignify a Witch, or Prophetefs. But what is more extraordinary, is, another Tradition among the Poets, as if the very Oaks of the Forefl of ' Dodona fpoke, and deliver'd Oracles.
This Fable is eafily deduced from the former : The Pidgeons in the Oaks being fuppofed to fpeak, 'twas no great Flight of a Poetical Fancy, to introduce the Trees themfelves fpeaking, Be. See Voffius ie Idolol. L.I. 7. p. 27.
The Fountain of Dodona, was in the Temple of Jufiter. The ancient Naturalifts allure us, it had a Property of re- kindling Torches, Be. newly extingui/h'd. This, no doubt, it did by means of the fulphureous Fumes exhaling from it ; as we ftill find a Fountain in Datephine, call'd the Bur- ning Fountain, Do. 'Tis alfo faid, to have extinguifh'd lighted Torches ; which is no great Miracle, fincc plunging them into a Place where the Sulphur was too denfe, /'. e. into the Water, mull have that Efteci:.
DODRANS, in Antiquity, a Divifion of the As. See As.
DOG, in Aflronomy, a Name common to two Conftella- tions, call'd the Great, and Little Dog. ; but among Aftro- nomers, more ufually, Cauis Major, B Minor. See Can is Major & Minor.
Doc-Draw, in the Foreft-Law, a manifeft Deprehenfion of an Offender againft Venifbn in a Foreft; when he is found drawing after a Deer by the Scent of a Hound, led in his Hand.
There are four of thefe Offences noted by Manwood, viz. Stable-Stand, Dog-draw, Sack-bear, and Bloody hand. See St &Blx.-Stand, &c.
Doc-Days, Dies Caniculares, are certain Days, in which the Dog-Star rifes, and fets with the Sun ; the Weather be- ing exceffive hot, and fultry.
They begin about July 14-th, and end about Augtlft 28th. See Canicular Days.
Site of a Mad Dog. See Hydrophobia.
DOGE, the chief Magiftrate in the Republicks of Venice, and Genoa.
The Word properly fignified Duke, being foiim'd from the Latin Dux ; as Dogate, and Dogado, from Dilcatus, Dutchy.
The Dogate, or Office and Dignity of Doge, is eleflive : At Venice, the Doge is elefled for Life ; at Genoa, only for two Years : He is addrefs'd under the Title of Serenity, which among the Venetians is fupcrior to that of High- r.efs. See Serenity.
The Doge is the Chief of the Council, and the Mouth of the Republic ; he being always to anfwer for her. Yet the Venetians do not go into Mourning at his Death, as not being their Sovereign, but only their firft Minifter. In c8x&, the Doge of Venice is no more than the Fantom, or Shadow of the Majefty of a Prince ; all the Authority thereof being referv'd to the Republic. He only lends his Name to the Senate : The Power is diffufed throughout the whole Body, tho' the Anfwers be all made in the Name of the Doge. If he give any Anfwers on his own Bottom, they muft be very cautioufly exprefs'd, and in general Terms, otherwife he is fure to meet with a Reprimand. So that 'tis abfolutely neceflary he be of an eafy, pliable Difpofi- tion.
Anciently, the Doges were Sovereigns ; but Things are much alter'd ; and at prefent, all the Prerogatives affected to the Quality of Doge, are thefe which follow. He gives Audience to EmbaiTadors ; but does not give 'em any Anfwer on his own Head, in Matters of any Importance : Only, he is allowed to anfwer as he judges good, to the Compliments they make to the Signory ; fuch Anfwers being of no Con- fequence. The Doge, as being firft Magiftrate, is Head of all the Councils ; ami the Credentials which the Senate fur- nifhes its Minifters in foreign Courts, are wrote in his Name; and yet he does not fign 'em, but a Secretary of State figns them, and feals 'em with the Arms of the Republic. The Embaffadors direct their Dispatches to the Doge ; and yet he may not open 'em, but in Prefence of the Councellors. The Money is ftruck in the Doge's Name, but not with his Stamp, or Arms. All the Magiftrates rife, and falute the Doge, when he comes into Council ; and the Doge rifes to none, but foreign EmbaiTadors.
The Doge nominares to all the Benefices in the Church of St. Mark ; He is Protector of the Monaftery delle Vir- gine j and beftows certain petty Offices of Uftiers of the
Houftiold, call'd Commanders of the Palace. His Family is not under the Jurifdiction of the Mafter of the Ceremonies - and his Children may have Staff-Officers, and Gondoliers in Livery.
His Grandeur, at the fame Time, is temper'd with Abun- dance of Things, which render it burdenfqme. He may not go out of Venice, without Leave of the Councellors ; and if he does go out, he is liable to receive Affronts, without be- ing entitled to demand Satisfaction ; and if any Diforder lliould happen where he was, it belongs to the 'Podefta, as being inverted with the public Authority, to compofe it.
The Children, and Brothers of the Doge, are excluded from all the chief Offices of State. They may not receive any Be- nefice from the Court of Rome ; but are allowed to accept of the Cardinalare, as being no Benefice, nor including any Jurifdiction. The Doge may not diveft himfelf of his Dig- nity, for his Eafe ; and after his Death, his Conduct is exa- mined by three Inquifitors, and five Correctors, who fifr it with a deal of Severity.
DOGGER, a fmall Ship, built after the Dutch Faffiion, with a narrow Stern, and commonly but one Maft ; us'd in fiftiing on the* Doggers Bank. See Floating Vejfel.
DOGMA, a Maxim, Axiom, Tenet, fettled Proposition, or Principle ; particularly in Matters of Religion, and Philo- fophy.
Thus we fay, the Dogmata of Faith : Such a Dogma was condemn'd by fuch a Council. The Dogmata of the Stoicks were moft of 'em Paradoxes. Spccularive Dogma- ta, which do not lay any reftraint on Men, appear to them more efiential to Religion, than Virtues, which relfrain, and confine 'em; nay, they often perfuade themfelves, that it is allowable to maintain thofe Dogmata, at the Expence of the Virtues.
DOGMATICAL, originally fignifies Inftruflive, Scientific, or forncthing relating to an Opinion, or Science.
In common Ufe, a Dogmatical Philosopher is fuch a one as afterts Things pofitively ; inOppofition to a Sceptic, who doubts of every Thing.
And a Dogmatical 'Phyfician, he, who, on the Principles of the School Philofophy, rejefts all Medicinal Virtues not reducible to manifeft Qualities. See Dogmatist.
DOGMA TICI, DOGMATISTS, a Sea of ancient Phy- ficians, call'd alfo Logici, Logicians, from their ufing of the Rules of Logic inSubje&s ot their Profeffion. See Medi- cine.
They laid down Definitions, and Divifions, reducing Dif- eafes to certain Genera, jhofe Genera to Species, and fur- nifhing Remedies for 'em all; fuppofing Principles, draw- ing Confequences, and applying thofe Principles and Confe- quenccs to the particular Difeafcs under Confideration, In which Senfe the Dogmatifts Hand contra-diftinguilh'd to Empericks, and Methodifts. SeeEMPERici, Be.
Others define Dogmatifts to be thofe who brought Phyfic into a Form, and Arrangement, like thofe of other fpecula- tive Sciences ; defining, dividing, laying down Principles, and drawing Conclufions : And hence alfo the Appellation of Logici.
They alfo applied themfelves ^to feek the Caufes ofDif- cafes, the Nature of Remedies, Be.
Erififtratus, a famous Dogmatift, went fo far, that not contented to difTcct Dogs, and other brute Animals, he begg'd condemn'd Criminals ot the Magiftrates, open'd them while alive, and fearch'd in their Entrails. See Physicians.
DOLE, in the Saxon Tongue, fignifies a Part, or Portion, moft commonly, of a Meadow. The Word ftill fignifies a Share ; a diftributing, or dealing of Alms, or a liberal Gift made by a great Man to the People.
Hence alfo Dole-Meadow, is a Meadow wherein feveral Perfons have Shares.
DOLIMAN, a Kind of long Soutanne, wore by the Turks, hanging down to the Feet, with narrow Sleeves, button'd at the'Wrift.
The 'Turks, both Men and Women, wear Drawers next the Skin ; over that a Shift, or Shirt ; and over the Shirt a Dolman. In Summer it is Linnen, or Muflelin ; in Win- ter, Sattin, or Stuff.
DOLLAR, orDALLER, a Silver Coin nearly of the Va- lue of the Piece of Eight, or French Crown. See Coin.
Dollars arc coin'd in divers Parts of Germany, and Hol- land ; and have their Diminutions, as Semi-Dollars, Quar- ter-Dollars, ckc.
They are not all of the fame Finenefs, nor Weight. The Dutch Dollars are the moft frequent. In the Levant they are call'd AJlani, from the Impremon of a Lion thereon.
DOLPHIN, Delfhinus, inAftronomy. See Delphi- nus.
DOM, or DON, aTitle of Honour, originally Spanijh, tho' us'd occafionally in fome other Countries. See Title.
It is equivalent to Mafter, Sir, or Lord, Monfieur, Sieur, Mynheer, &c. See Sir, Monsieur, Be.
Gottut
