FOU
(86)
FOU
Lcttersare faid to beof their JB/Z Height, when the Part of Seneca obferves as much in his Forty Srft Epiftle : And the Plate, or Level bears equally on the flandard m plac'd Cicero L. III. de Nat. T)eor. c. 2c. mentions, that the Bo- on its Foot, in the little Compofitor, and on the Face of two man Priefls and Augurs us'd in their Prayers and Invocations Letters newly call plac'd a-fidc of it to be jultified : As to the to call on the Names of the Tiber, and other Rivers, Brooks Thicknefs, the Juitification is perform'd by laying the Stan- and Springs about Rome. The feventh Infcription in * dard Letter flat on the little Marble, and two new Letters XCW. of Gruter has, FONT I DIVINO El GENIO a-lide of it; and thus levelling the three, with the Plate. NUMINIS FONTIS. It was a Point of Religion, not to
All that remains, is to get ready the Letters, i. e. to cut difturb or muddy the Waters in Wafting or Bathing. See
the Foot, or rather hollow it, and make that fort of Groove Fontinalia.
which every letter has at bottom, precifely oppofite to the Tacitus gives an Inftance hereof in Nero Annul. L. IV.
Eye or upper Part, or Face of the Letter. c. zz. And Stnevius Araiq. Rom. Syntag. c. 1. p.157.
In order to this they turn a long Line of them upfide Fountain, or Artificial Fountain, in Hydraulicks, a
down in the Juflificator; which is an Inftrument of polifh'd Machine, or Contrivance, whereby the Water is violently
Iron or Steel, confifting of two long Pieces join'd together fpouted, or darted up ; call'd alfo Jet d'Eait. See Jet
by Screws. Between thefe two, they enclofe as many Let- d'Eau, Fluid, ££c.
ters as it will hold, all plac'd againtt each other in the fame There are divers kinds of thefe Artificial Fountains-
Situation, as when compos'd for Books; excepting that the fome founded on the Spring, or Elafticity of the Air ; and'
Face in the former cafe is downwards, and the Foot a-top. others on the Preffure or Weieht of the Water, E5?c.
When the Juflificator is full of Letters, they fet it on the Table of the Cutter, between two Cheeks of Wood ; which preffing it very tight, enable the Workman to run his Plane along the Line of the Letters thus inverted.
This plane confifis of three Parts ; two of Steel, and the third Wood. Of the Steel ones, that at bottom confifls of two moveable Steel Plates, which may be drawn clofer, or let further off, at pleafure, by means of two Screws. With-
The Structure of each hereof, being very pretty and cu- rious, and affording a good Illuitration of the Doctrine of Hydraulicks and Pneuinaticks, lhall be here cxplain'd.
ConJlruiJion of an Artificial Fountain, playing hy the Spring, or Elafticity of the Air.
A VefTel, proper for a Rcfervoir, as A B, Tab. Hydran-
ts Interval between the two, they pafs the Feet of the licks Fig. 17. is provided of Metal, Glafs, or the like"- end- Row of Letters ; and thus is the Plane kept from deviating, ing in a fmall Neck c, a-top. Thro' this Neck a Tube 1 ' is
The fecond Part of the Plane, anfwering to the Bit of put, c a, traverfing the Middle of the VefTel, till its lower
Steel in the common Planes, confifts of two Branches, and Orifice, d, nearly, but not abfblutely, reach the Bottom of
two Screws, which ferve to raife or let down the Steel, as the VefTel ; the VefTel being firft half fill'd with Water,
the Groove is to be cut deeper, or fhallower. The Pofition The Neck is fo contriv'd, as that a Syringe, or condenfi
of this piece of Steel, which is four or five Inches long, is almoft perpendicular.
The laft Part of the Plane, which is Wood, ferves to join the other two. Its Form is that of an Arch : One End of it is faflen'd to the pofteri or Extreme of the Plates, and the other to the_Branches, which carry the Bit of Steel : So
ng Pipe may be fcrew'd upon the Tube; by means where- of, a large Quantity of Air may be intruded thro' the Tube into the Water; out of which it will difengage it felf, and emerge into the vacant Part of the VefTel, and lie over the Surface of the Water, C D.
Now, the Water here contain'd, being thus prefi'd by the
that the three Parts together make a kind of Triangle, Air, which is e. gr. twice as denfe as the external Air • and voided in the Middle. the Elaflick Force of Air being equal to its gravitating
The Cutter is a Steel Inftrument, with a wooden Handle, * r
in manner of a ChifTel ; ferving to pare off the rough Wire Edge of the Letters when they are got ready.
The Letters are now fit for the Printer's Ufe. See Printing.
. The Perfection of Letters thus caff, He. confifis in their being all feverally fquare and flrait, on every fide ; and all, generally of the fame Height, and evenly lined, without ftooping one way or other ; neither too big in the Foot, nor the Head ; well groov'd, fo as the two Extremes of the Foot contain half the Body of the Letter ; well ground, barb'd, and fcrap'd ; with a fenfible Notch, Zyc.
The Letter Founders have a kind of Policy or Catalogue to regulate the Number of each kind ofLettes in a Fount. See Fount.
FOUNT, or Font, among Printers, &c . a Set, or Quan- tity of Characters, or Letters of each Kind ; caff by the Letter Founder, and forted
Force: The Effect will be the fame as if the Weight of the Column of Air over the Surface of the Water, were double that of the Column, preffing in the Tube ; fo that the Wa- ter muft, of neceffity, fpout up, thro' the Tube, with a Force equal to the Excefs of PrefTure of the included, above that of the external Air. See Air.
ConftruiJion of an Artificial Fountain, flaying by the 'Preffure of the Water.
Having the Conveniency of a Fund, or Refervoir of Wa- ter, in a Place confiderably higher than that where the Fountain is to be (whether that Fund have been plac'd there by Nature ; or whether it have been rais'd for the Purpofe, by a proper Engine, as a Pump, Syphon, Spiral Screw, or the like) from the Refervoir lay vertical Tubes for the Wa- ter to defcend thro'; and to thefe vertical Tubes, fit other horizontal ones, under Ground, to carry the Water to the
Thus we fay, A Founder has caff a Fount of <Pica, of * lace wh ? r £ ™ e Fountain is to play. Laflly, from thefe
horizontal f ubes erect other vertical ones, by way of Aju- tages, Jets, or Spouts ; their Altitude being much lefs than that of the Tubes whereby the Water was brought to the horizontal ones.
Then will the Water, by the PrefTure of the fuperincum- bent Column, be fpouted up at thefe Jets; and that to the Height, or Level of the Water in the Refervoir; and this, howfoever any of the Tubes be bent or incurvated : The Ttemonftration hereof, fee under Fluids.
Thus may Water be fpouted to any given Height at pleafure : The Tubes may be fo proportion'd as to yield any given Quantity of Water, in a given Time; or feveral Tubes of the lame Fountain may be made to yield Water in any given Ratio: Or, laftly, different Tubes may pro- ject the Water to different Altitudes. Rules, for all which, the Reader will find among the Laws of Fluids.
Thefe aerial, or aquatic Fountains, may be applied in various manners; fo as to exhibit various Appearances: And from thefe alone, arife the greatett Part of our artifi- cial Water-works.
An Inflance or two, will not be difagreeable.
Englijh, of ' 'Pearl, Sic. meaning, he has caff a Set ofCh: racters of thefe Kinds. Sec Letter, Letter Foundry, &c.
A Compleat Fount does not only include the running Letter; but alfo Majujiules, or Large, and Small Capitals, Single Letters, Trouble Letters, 'Points, Comma's, Lines,
- Bord,ers, Head-pieces, Tail-pieces, and Numeral Characters.
The Letter Founders have a kind of Lift, or Tarif, where- by they regulate their Founts.
The Occafion thereof is, that fome Letters being in much more ufe, and oftencr repeated than others ; their Cells, or Cafes fliould be better fill'd and ftorcd than thofe of the Letters which do not return fo frequently.
Thus the and i for inftance, are always in greater Quan- tity than the k or z.
This Difference will be beft perceiv'd from a proportional Comparifon of thofe Letters with themfelves, or fome others.
Suppofe a Fount of a hundred thoufand Characters, which is a conunon Fount : Here the a fhould have five thoufand ; the c three thoufand ; the e eleven thoufand ; the i fix thoufand ; the m three thoufand ; the k only thirty ; and the x, y and z not many more.
But this is only to be underflood of the Letters of the Lower Cafe ; thofe of the Upper having other Proportions, which it would be here too long to infill on. See Letter, Character, Letter Foundry
A Fountain that Jhall fpout the Water in various T)i- rcSions.
Suppofe the Vertical Tube, or Spout in which the Water rifes, to be A B {Tab. Hydraulicks, Fig. 18.J into this, fit r • U 2, ' r' m i h ! lt,r °P h y. a Spring, or Source feveral other Tubes ; fome Horizontal, others oblique ; fome of living Water, rifing out of the Ground. inclining, others redinins>, as O P, M N, F L, &c.
For the Pha-nomena, Theory, Origin, &c. of Springs or Then, as all Water retains the Direction of the Aper-
Fountains, lee Spring. turei thr0 . which it is f p0iued . Thati iffuin „ tW A ^ iU
Among the Antients, the Fountains, or Sources of Ri- rife perpendicularly ; and that thro' L, H, N P E will
vers were held facrcd, and even worfhip'd as a kind of defcribe Arches of different Magnitudes, and tending dif-
Divmities. f( . rent waySt
Or
