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muni, or Confuales, or Circenfes, Capitolini, Ssculares, c Ple- beii, Ctmpitalitii, Auguflales, ^Palatini, Votivi. See each defcribed in its Place.
To this Clafs may alfo be refer'd fhofe, celebrated in Me- mory of Tome Illuffrious Perfon, or Afiion ; as the Ludi TSerodiani and ABiaci, &c. See Actiaci, &c.
Authors mention a Decree of the Roman Senate, by ' which it was enafled, that the Publiclc Games mould be confecrated, and united with the Worfhip of the Gods, as a Part thereof; and accordingly, Feafts, Sacrifices, and Games appear to have made up the greater! Part, or rather the whole, of the external Worfliip, or Service, ofFer'd to the Deities of the Romans. See Feast, Sachifice,&c.
The Honorary Games, Ludi Hmorarii, were thofe ex- hibited by private Perfons, out of their own Purfe ; in order to gratify the People, or ingratiate rhemlelves with them, to make way for their own Preferment. Such were the Com- bats of Gladiators, Scenic Games, Tragedies, Comedies, and other Theatrical and Amphitheatrical Sports. See Gla- diator, Scenic, Tragedy, Comedy, &c.
The Ludicrous Games were of the fame Kind with the Games of Exercife and Hazard among us. Such were the LndusT'rojanus,ot'Pyrrhicus; the Teffart, and Tali, Sortes, or Dice ; and the Latrunculi, or Chefs ; the TUfcus, or Quoit ; the Vila, Ball ; Trochtts, Top ; Nuces, odd, and even with Nuts ; Harpa.fl.llm, Foot-bali ; Capita vel Navfm, Crofs and Pile, f$C. See Tkojanus, Latrunculi, &c.
Others, dillinguifh the antient Games into three Claffes, viz- Races, Combats, and Spectacles.
The firft were called Epicflrian, or Curule, Ludi Eque- ftres, or Ctlrules ; being Races of Horfes, and Chariots, performed in the Circus, in honour of the Sun and Neptune. See Circenses.
The fecond were called Agcnales, or Gymnici ; being Combats of Men, or Beafls, in the Amphitheatre, dedi- cated to Mars and Minerva. See Amphitheatre.
The laft, called Scenici, Toetici, and Mufici, were Tra- gedies, Comedies, Balls, &c. reprefented on the Theatres, lacred to Venus, Bacchus, Apollo, and Minerva. See Theatre, &c.
Homer gives us a fine Defcription of the Games which 'Achilles inftituted at the Funeral of his Friend -Tatroclus, ■in his Iliad-, and others of the different Games held among t\ie 'Pheaci, Ithacans, and at the Court of Alcinms, in his OdyJJie. Virgil's Defcription of the Games celebrated by JEneas, at the Funeral of old Auchifes, is nothing inferior to any of them. See Funeral.
Game is alfo ufed for all kinds of wild Beafts and Birds, fit for eating ; and which are fought after on that account. See Beast.
Game includes Wild Beafls of Venery, and Chafe ; and alio Beafts and Fowls of Warren. See Venery, Chase, and Warren.
Some Authors divide Game into Large ; which includes Red, and Fallow Deer : And Small ; to which belong Hares, Rabbets, Pheafants, and Partridges.
A Foreft is a Place fet apart for the preferring, feeding, breeding,^, of all forts of Game-, and confitfs of divers Things, viz,. Soil, Covert, Laws, Courts, Judges, Oificers, Game, Bounds. A Chafe differs from a Forefl, in this, a- mong other Things, that it has not fuch Variety of Game. See Forest, &c.
Ways of catching Game, are by Hunting, Hawking, Fowl- ing, ckc. See Hunting, Chasing, Hawking, &c.
Laws for the Vrefervatiou of the Game.
There are abundance of Laws made for the Security and Prefervation of the Game : The Jroreft Laws of King Canu- tus, and the Charta de Forejla of King Henry III. we have elfewhere mentioned. See Forest Law, and Charta^ Forejla ; fee alfo Purlieu, and Pourallee.
By a Stat, in 33 Hen. 8. it is enafled, That no Perfon flioot with, or keep in his Houfe any Crofs-bow, or Stone- bow, Hand-gun, or Hagbut, under the Length of one Yard ; unlefs he have Lands of the yearly Value of 100 /. on Pain of a Forfeiture of 10 /. for every Offence : Nor lhall any Perfon travel with a Crofs-bow, bent; or Gun, charged; or fhoot within a Quarter of a Mile of a Citty or IWn, except at a dead Mark, or in defence of his Houfe ; under the like Forfeiture ; to be divided between the King and the Profecutor. — None, under the Degree of a Baron, fhall {hoot with any Hand-.gun, within a City, or Town ; or Jhoot at any Fowl whatever with Hail.fliot; on the fame Forfeiture, Id. Stat.
Any Perfon fhoodng in the Night-time, or dilguifed, fhall be deem'd a Felon, it he deny ; if he confefs, he is Sneablo at the next General SelIions„ 1 Hen. 7.
None fhall kill or take I'heafants or Partridges, with any Net, or Engine, in the Night-time; on Forfeiture of 20 s. for every Pheafant; and 10 s. for every Partridge. 33 Bliss.
None fhall hawk ot hunt with Spaniels in ffanding Corn, er before it be ihock'd, unlci * or. his own Ground ; on the Pe-
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nalty of 40 s. half «^e King ; and the other Half to 1 the Proprietor of the Ground.
He that is convicted of killing or taking a Pheafant Par- tridge, Duck, Heron, Hare, or other Game ; or of raking and deftroying the Eggs of Swans, Pheafants, or Partridges, lhall pay 20 s. for every fuch Fowl, Hare, &c. to the uie of the Poor, i Jac. ii
Every Perfon convicted to have kept a Greyhound, Dog,; or Net^ to kill, or take Deer, Hare, Pheafant, or Partridge, unlefs he have Inheritance of 10 /. per Annum , a Leafe for Life of 31/. per Annum 5 or be worth 200 /. in Grods ; ot be the Son of a Knight, or Heir apparent of an Efquirc, lhall pay 40 s. for the Ufe aforefaid.— Nor ihali any fell, or buy to fell again any Deer, Hare, Pheafant, or Partridge,- on pain of 40 s. Id. Stat.
The Lord of a Manor, or one having Inheritance of 40 L per Annum Freehold of 80 /. or Goods worth 400 /. or their Servants licensed by them, may take Pheafants, or Partridges within their own Lands or Preempts, in the Day-time, be- tween Michaelmas and Cbrijimas. 7 Jac. 1.
No Lay-man, who hath not Lands of 40 s. per Annum 5 nor Clerk, who hath not 10 /. Revenue, lhall keep any Greyhound, Hound, Ferret, Ket, or Engine, to deftroy Deer, Hares, Conies, or other Gentlemans" Game 5 on pain of a Years Impriibnmcnt. 13 Jac. 1.
They that kill and take awa'y Red, or Fallow Deer, with 1 -- out Confent of the Owner, /hall forfeit 20 /. to be taken by Diftrcfs; one half to the Owner, and the other to the In- former j or for Want of fuch Diiirefa firSer a Years Impri- fonment. 13 Car. 2.
Lords of Manors, or other Royalties, not under the De- gree of Efcjuire, may commifTion one or more Game-keepers? who may feizc all Guns, Dogs, Bows, Zyc. of Perfons nor/ having Eftatcs of tool, per Ann. Freehold; or 150/. per Ann. Leafehold ; or are not Sons and Heirs of Eiquires 3 and deftroy, or convert fuch Guns, £j?c. to the Ufe ot the Lord. 22 Car. 2,
If any enter a Coney-warren, rho' not inclofcd, and chafe or kill Conies, he /hall forfeit treble Damages, and be im- prifon'd three" Months r And they that kill Conies in the Night-time upon the Borders of Warrens, or Grounds ufed for keeping Conies, ffiall be amerced at the Difcretion of the Juftice of Peace, in any Sum not exceeding io 5. Id. Stat.
He who unlawfully hunts, takes In Toyles, kills, or takes away any Deer, in any Foreft, Chafe, Park, Purlieu, or other inclofed Ground j or fhall be aiding and aftifting therein, fhall forfeit 30 /. for every Deer killed, taken, or even wounded ; and 20 /. tho' none fhall be wounded or taken : To be levied by Diftrefs. 3 Will, and ytftfr.— And if the Keeper of a Foreft, &c. be an Offender herein, or be aid- ing thereto, he /hall forfeit 50 /. 5 Gcorg, Levied as above. In cafe any Hare, Partridge, Pheafant, Fi/h, Fowl, or other Game /hall be found in any Offender's Houfe, he /hall forfeit a Sum not lefs than 5 5. nor more than 20. to be le- vied by Diftrefs; or in Want thereof be committed to the Houfe of Correction for a fpace of Time not greater than a Month- nor lefs than 10 Days. And if any Perfon, not qualified by Law, /hall keep or ufe any Bows, Greyhounds, Setting Dogs, Ferrets, Tumblers, Snares, &c. he /hail be fubjeci to the fame Penalties.
If any Higler, Chapman, Carrier, Inakceper or Victualler lhall have in his keeping any Hare, Pheafant, Partridge,- Heath Game, or Growle, not put in his Hands by a Perfon qualified by Law, he Zhall forfeit 5 /. for every fuch Hare, &c. half to the Informer, and half to the Poor, levied by Diftrefs- or for want thereof be font to the Houfe of Cor- reclson for three Months. 5 Am?£.
Perfons not qualified keeping Greyhounds, Lurchers, Set- ting Dogs, or Engines to deftroy Game 5 and Game-keepers who under colour of Office kill and fell Game , without their Matters Knowledge, arc liable to the like Penalty. Id. Stat.- No Lord of a Manor to appoint more than one Game- keeper> and his Name to be enrer'd with the Clerk of the Peace, who is to give a Certificate thereof - otherwife he is liable to the Penalties agaiRft Higlcrs. 5 Amitf.
If any Hare, Pheafant, £i*c. be found in the PofTefTion of a Per/on not qualified; or be entitled to it by lome Perfon that is qualified; the fame lhall be adjudg'd an E>:pofingit to Sale. Perfons deftroying a Hare in the Nig:,t, /hall in- cur the Forfeiture of 5 /. 5 Ann.
No Lord of a Manor /hall appoint a Game-keeper, with Power to kill or deftroy Game, unless he be truly a Servant of fuch Lord ; or be immediately employ 'd to kill Game for the fole Ufe of fuch Lord : Nor fhall any Lord autho- rize a Perfon not qualified to keep or ufe Gun, Greyhounds, ££c. And fuch Perfons as fhall be found oaending in either of thefe Points, /hall for every Offence forfeit 5 /. 3 Geo. Laftly, if any Perfon enter a Park, Paddock, or other in- clofed Ground, where Deer are ufually kept, and wilfully wound or kill any Red, or Fallow Deer, he /hall be rranf- ported to the Plantations for feven Years. 5 Georg. ^ GAME-
