GAU
( 1*8)
GAU
livcrcd under Diameter, Circle, Sic. And after the fame manner the Diameters are found for the Divifions of Ycffels that hold two or more Gallons.
Ufe of the Gauging Rod.
To find the Content of a Cask ; that is, to determine the Number of Mcafures e.gr. Gallons, it will hold : Apply the Gauging Rod to the Veffels, as directed in the preced- ing Article 5 and find both the Length of the Calk A C, Fig. 27. and both Diameters G H, and A B. Now, as we find by Experiment, how farfoever k may be from Geometri- cal Exafmefs, that a common Cafk of this Form, may fafely enough be reputed as a Cylinder, whofe Bafe is a Medium between the Head and the Belly ; find fuch Medium, which call the equated Diameter.
Then, multiplying the Number thus found by the Length of the Calk A G ; the Product will be the Number of Mea- fures the Veffel contains.
Suppofe e. gr. A B=B, and G H— 12, and A C=i5 ; the equi-different Mean will be 105 which multiplied by j 5, gives the Capacity of the Cafk, 1 50 Meafures.
If it happen that the Diameters of the two Ends be not equal 5 meafure them both, and take half their Sum for the Diameter to work by.
There is another Method, whereby the Content of a Vef- fel is had even without any Calculation at all, which ob- tains in divers Parts of Germany and the Low Countries : But as this fuppofes all Veffels to be fimilar to each other- and their Length double of the equated Diameter, that is, of half the Sum of the Diameters AB, and G H ; it is not fafe to ufe it in all places. Kepler, however, prefers it fo much before all others, as including all the Precautions pof- iible • that he recommends it to the Publick, to enact it by Law, that all Calks be made in this Proportion.
The Methods of Gauging, which chiefly obtain among us, are by the Four Foot Gauging Rod > and JEverard's Slid- ing Rule.
Defcription and Ufe of the Four Foot Gauging Rod.
The Four Foot Gauging Rod, reprefented in 'Tab. Sur- veying, Fig. 28. is ufualiy made of Box, and confifts of four Rules, each a Foot long, and about three Eighths of an Inch fquare, joind together by three brafs Joints 5 by which means the Rod is render'd four Foot long, when the four Rules are quite open'd; and but one Foot, when they are folded to- gether.
On the firft Face of this Rod, mark'd 4. are plac'd two Diagonal Lines 5 one for Beer, and the other for Wine : By means of which the Content of any common Veffel in Beer or Wine Gallons may be readily found, by putting the Rod in at the Bung-hole of the Veffel, till it meets the Interfe- ron of the Head of the Veffel with the Staves oppofite to the Bung-hole. For diftinclion of this Line, there is writ thereon, fleer and Wine Gallons.
On the feccmd Face, $, are, a Line of Inches, and the Gauge Line ; which is a Line expreffing the Areas of Cir- cles, whofe Diameters are the correfpondent Inches in Ale Gallons. At the Beginning is writ, Ale Area.
On the third Face, 6", are three Scales of Lines ; the firft, at the End of which is write Hogflicad, is for finding how many Gallons there is in a Hogfhead, when it is not fall,- lying with its Axis parallel to the Horizon. The fecond Line, at the End of which is wrote B.L, fignifying a Sfflp lying, is for the fame Ufe as that for the Hogfhead. The third Line is to find how much Liquor is wanting to fill up a Butt when it is ftanding : At the Ends of it is wrote B. S. fignifying a Suit (landing. Halfway the fourth Face of the Gauging Rod, 7, are three Scales of Lines, to find the Wants in a Firkin, Kilderkin, and Barrel, lying with their Areas parallel to the Horizon. They are diftinguifh'd by I Letters V. K. B. iigni tying a Firkin, Kilderkin, and Barrel.
Ufe of the Diagonal Lines oil the Gauging Rod.
To find the Content of a Veffel in fleer or Wine Gallons. Put the Brafs End of the Gauging Rod into the Bung- hole of the Cafk, with the Diagonal Lines upwards ; and thruft the Brafs End to the Meeting of the Head and Staves ; Then, with Chalk, make a Mark on the Middle of the Bung-hole of the Veffel; and alfo on the Diagonal Lines of the Rod, right again!!, or over one another, when the brafed End is thruft home to the Head and Staves. Then' turn the Gauging R.gA to the other End of the Veffel, and thruft the brafetl End home to the End as before.
Lafily, fee if the Mark made on the GattgingBjod come evert with the Mark made on the Bung-hole, when the Rod was thru It to tHe other End ; which if it be, the Mark made on the Diagonal Lines, will, on the fame Lines, fliew the whole Content of the Calk in Beer or Wine Gallons.—
If the Mark made on the Bung-hole, he not right again!} that made on the Rod, when you put it the oiher way ; then, right againft the Mark made on the Bung-hole, make an- other on the Diagonal Lines: And the Divifion on the Diagonal Line, between the two Chalks, will /hew the Vef- fel's whole Content in Beer or Wine Gallons.
Thus, e. gr. if the Diagonal Line of a Veffel be 28 Inches four Tenths, its Content in Beer Gallons will be near 51, and in Wine Gallons 6%.
If a Veffel be open, as a Half-barrel, Tun, or Copper, and the Meafure from the Middle on one Side, to the Head and Staves, be 58 Inches; the Diagonal Line g ; ves 122 Beer Gallons ; half of which, vie. 6i, is the Content of the open half Tub.
If you have a large Veffel, as a Tun, or Copper, and the Diagonal Line taken by a long Rule, prove 70 Inches : The Content of that Veffel may be found thus:
Every Inch at the Beginning end of the Diagonal Line, call ten Inches. Thus, ten Inches become 100 Inches; and every Tenth of a Gallon call 100 Gallons ; and every whole Gallon, call 1 •© Gallons.
Exam, at 44. 8 Inches, on the Diagonal Beer-Line", is 200 Gallons; fo alfo 4 Inches 48 Parts, now called 44 Inches 8 Tenths, is juft two Tenths of a Gallon, now called 200 Gallons : So alio, if the Diagonal Line be 76 Inches and 7 Tenths, a dole Cafk, of fuch Diagonal, will hold 1000 Beer Gallons: But an open Cafk, but half fb much, viz. 500 Beer Gallons.
Ufe of the Gauge Line.
To find the Content of any Cylindrical Veffel in Ale- Gallons : Seek the Diameter of the Veffel in the Inches, and juft againft it, on the Gauge Line, is the Quantity of Ale Gallons contained in one Inch deep: This multiplied by the Length of the Cylinder, will give its Content in Ale Gallons.
For Example : Suppofe the Length of the Veffel 32. 06", and the Diameter of its Safe 25 Inches ; what is the Con- tent in Ale Gallons ?
Right againft 25 Inches, on the Gauge Line, is one Gal- lon, and .745 of a Gallon ; which multiplied by 32. 06", the Length, gives 55 .9447 Gallons for the Content of the Veffel.
The Bung Diameter of a Hogfhead being % 5 Inches, the Head Diameter 2a Inches, and the Length 3a. 06 Inches j to find the Quantity of Ale Gallons contain 'd in it.
Seek 25, the Bung Diameter, on the Line of Inches 5 and right againft it on the Gauge Line you will find J. 745 : Take one Third of it, which is .580, and &tit down twice = Seek 12 Inches the Head Diameter, and againft it you will find on the Gauge Line, 1.3 56 $ one Third of which added to twice -580, gives 1.6096$ 'which multiplied by the Length 32.0*, the Product will be 51.^0377^ the Content in Ale Gallons.
Kote, This Operation fuppofes, that the aforelaid Hogf- head is in the Figure of the middle Fruftum, of a Sphe- roid.
The Ufe of the Lines on the two other Faces of the Rod, is very eafy ; you need only put it down right into the Bung-hole f if the Veffel you defire to know the Quantity of Ale Gallons contained therein be lying) to the oppofite Staves; and then, where the Surface of the Liquor cuts any one of the Lines appropriated for that Veffel, will be the Number of Gallons contained in that Veflel.
The Defcription and Ufe of Everard's Sliding Rule for Gauging, fee under the Article Sliding Rule.
Gauging Rod; fee Gauging.
GAULISH Language; fee Roman, and French.
GAUNT, an old Word for lean, or lank : Thus we fay, a gtf«»?-belly*d or light-belly'd Horle, when his Belly ihrinks up towards his Flanks.
GAURES, Gavres, a religious Seel: in Turkey, Per- fla, &c. The Turks call the Chriftians, Gaures ; q. d. Infi- dels, or People of a falfe Religion ; or rather, as Leuncla- vitiS obferves, Heathens, or Gentiles : The Word Gaitre a- mong the Turks having the fame Signification, as Pagan, or Infidel, among the Chriftians; and denoting any thing not Mahometan.
In Perfia, the Word has a like general Signification ; and befide a more peculiar one, wherein it is applied to a Sect difperfed thro' the Country, and faid to be Remains of the antient Perfians, Worfhipers of Fire : Tho', upon the whole, they rather appear to have been Perfians converted; who being afterwards left to themfelves, mingled their antient Superftitions with the Truths and Practices of Chriftianity5 and fo form'd themfelves a Religion a-part.
The Gaures pretend they derive their Religion from one Azer, a Frank by Nation, and by Profeflion a Sculptor : This Man coming to Babylon, where they then dwelt, married a Maid of the Country, named Dogdon ; who, after a Vifit which flae received from an Angel, was fill'd with a Divino
^ght;
