GRA
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GRE
The Degrees of Gravity, &c. depend on the Nature of the Sonorous Body itfelf, and the particular Figure and Quantity thereof: Tho, in fome Cafes, they likewife depend on the Part of the Body where it is itruck. Thus, e, gr. the Sounds of two Bells of different Metals, and the fame Shape and Dimenfions, being (truck in the fame Place, will differ as to Acutenefs and Gravity ; and two Bells of the fame Metal will differ in Acutenefs, if they differ in Shape or Magnitude, or be (truck in different Parts. See Bell.
_ So in Chords, all other things being equal, if they differ either in Matter, or Dimenfions, orTcnfion; they will alio differ in Gravity. See Chord. -
Thus again, the Sound of a Piece of Gold is much graver than that of a Piece of Silver of the fame Shape and Di- menfions ; and in this Cafe, the Tones are, ceteris paribus, proportional to the Specific Gravities ; fo a folid Sphere of Brafs, two Foot diameter, will found graver than another of one Foot diameter ; and here the Tones are proportional to the Quantities of Matter, or the Abfolute Weights.
But it muft be obferved, that Acutenefs and Gravity, as alfo I.oudnefs and Lownefs, are but relative Things. We commonly call a Sound acute and loud, in relpect to ano- ther which is grave, or low with rcfpect to the former : So that the fame Sound may be both grave and acute, and alfo loud and low, in different Cotnparifons.
The Degrees of Acutenefs, and Gravity, make tho different Tones, or Tunes of a Voice, or Sound : So we fay one Sound is in Tune with another, when they are in the fame Degree of Gravity. See Tune.
The immediate Caufe, or Means of this Diverfity of Tone lies deep. The modern Muficians fix it on the different Velocity of the Vibrations of the Sonorous Body: In which Senfe Gravity may be defined, a relative Property of Sound, which, with refpefl to fome other, is the }Ktc£l of a leffer Number of Vibrations accompli/h'd in the fame Time, or of Vibrations of a longer Duration: In which Senfe alfo, Acutenefs is the Effect of a greater Number of Vibrations, or Vibrations of a Ihorter Duration.
If two, or more Sounds be compared in the Relation of Gravity, &c. they are either Equal, or Unequal, in the De- gree of Tune.
Such as are equal, are call'd Unifons. See Unison.
The Unequal including, as it were, at a Diftance between each other, conflitute which we call an Interval in Mufic, which is properly the Difference in Point of Gravity, between the two Sounds. See Interval.
Upon this Unequality, or Difference, does the whole Effect depend; and in refpcct hereof, thefe Intervals are divided into Concords and Difcords. See Concord and Discord. Sec alio Scale.
GRAVY, in Cookery, &c. the Juice of Flefh or Fifh, obtained therefrom by Coction, Elcxation, Frixion, or the tike. See Juice.
The procuring of Gravies is no inconfiderablc part of Cook- ery, inafmuch as thefe are required to heighten the Gltflo, and Relifli of mod Diflies. There are divers Proceffes of Beef Gravy ; one of the fhorteft and fimplcft, is to cut a Pound or two of lean Beef-Stakes into Slices, beat 'em well, fry them till brown, and then add a Pint of ftrong Broth, and an Onion ; letting the whole boil a little, and then (train- ing it for Ufe.
To make Mutton Gravy, they roaft a Shoulder of Mutton a little more than half, cut it with a Knife, fqueeze out the Gravy with a Prcfs ; then moiften the Meat again with Broth, and prefs it a fecond time : Add a little Salt, and keep it for Ufe.
Veal Gravy is chiefly had by cutting Stakes off a Fielet, beating them, and flowing them with diced Onions, Car- rots, and Parfnips ; and at laft adding llrong Broth, Parfley, &c. letting them flew afrefh, and flraining them for Ufe.
To make Fiji? Gravy, Carps and Tenches are flit length- ways, and ftewed with Butter, Onions, Carrots, &c. till brown; then a little Flower put in, and flew'd till brown. Lallly, Some Fifh-Broth is (trained in thro' a Cloth, and the whole feafon'd with Salt, Lemon, Cloves , and favoury Herbs.
GRAY, a mix'd Colour, partaking of the two Extremes Black and White. See Black, White, iSc.
In the Manage they make feveral Sorts of Grays, as the 'Branded or blacken'd Gray, which has Spots quite black, difperfed here and there. The dappled Gray, which has Spots of a darker Colour than the reft of the Body. The light or filvcr Gray, wherein there is but a fmall Mixture of black Hairs. The fad or fcxder'd Gray, which has but a fmall Mixture of white : And the bro-jmijh or fandy-co- tour'd Gray, where there are bay-colour'd Hairs mix'd with the Black. See Horse.
GREASE. See Fat.
Grease, among Farriers, ££c. a Swelling and Gourdi- nefs of the Legs of a Horfe, generally happening after a Journey.
If the Greafe be an Attendant of fome other Difeafe, it
will be in vain to attempt the Cure before the Difeafe he removed that is the original Caufe of it : And therefore, rf it be a Heclick, the Yellows, or the Farcin, i£c. the Di- rections given for thofe DifeaTesare to be followed, ard in the mean Time proper Applications to be ufed outwardly for the Greafe.
If the Greafe proceeds from common and ordinary Acci- dents, and the Horfe has no other Dillemper upon him ; then, Applications that are peculiar to that Diftemper are to be followed : If the Horle has been well fed and pam- pered, begin the Cure with Bleeding and Purging, io as to diminifh the Redundance of the Humours ; but thefe ought to be ufed with Moderation, and it may be better to effect it with fpare Diet and daily Labour.
After moderate Evacuations, it may be proper to make a Rowel on the Infide of the Thigh, or on the Belly; and to keep it open for a Month, or longer, as there iTiall be oc- cafion ; and in the mean time to give the Horfe the Cin- nabar or Antimonial Balls. See Rowel.
GREAT, a Term of Companion, denoting a thing to have more Extenfion than fome other to which it is refer'd. See Comparison,
Thus we fay a great Space : A great Diflance : A great Figure, a great Body, iSc. See Grand.
The Term is likewife ufed figuratively, and in Matters of Morality, f$c. to fignify Ample, Noble, Elevated, Extra- ordinary, Important, £s?c.
Thus we fay, Shakcfpear was a great Genius : Queen Elizabeth had a great Soul : Crofimsell was a Man of great Defigns : TJa Vinci, a great Paincef i Galileo a great Phi- lofopher : Soffit a great Critick, ££c.
Great is alfo a Title or Quality affected to certain Prin- ces, and other illuflrious Pcrfonages. See Title and Qua- lity.
Thus we fay the great Turk : The great Mogul : The great Cham of Tartary : The great Duke of Florence, ckc. See Mogul, Cham, 2?c.
Great is alfo a Surname bellowed on feveral Kings and Emperors. See Surname.
Thus we fay Alexander the Great: Cyrus the Great : Charles the Great, or Charlemaign : Henry the Great of France, &c. So the Englijh frequently fay, Edwa d the Great, or the Great Edward ; William the Great, mean- ing King William III. or the Great William. And the French, Louis the Great, le Grand, (peaking of the late Louis XIV.
Gyles of 'Paris, fays Charlemaigne firtt got the Surname Great from the Tallnefs and Eminence of his Stature. Helgan adds that Hugue, Hugh the Great of France was thus denominated on account of his great Piety, Goodnefs, &c.
Great is alfo applied to feveral Officers, who have Pre- eminence over others. See Grand.
Thus we fay, the Lord Great Chamberlain ; The Great Marfhal of 'Poland, &c. See Chamberlain, £f?£.
Great Circles of the Sphere, are particularly fuch as divide the Sphere into two equal Parts or Hemifpheres ; or whofe Planes pafs thro' the Centre of the Sphere : in Contra- diltinclion from the lefTer Circles, which cut the Sphere into unequal Parts, tfc. See Circle, Sphere, Circle, Lesser, i$c.
The Equator, Meridian, Ecliptic, Vertical, iic. are great or greater Circles of the Sphere ; and the Parallels, Tro- picks, &c. leffer Circles. See Equator, Meridian,^, Great Tithes, -, Titii,
Great Gun, / r \ Canon, Great Letters, ( S Capital, Great Hear, j CTJrsa. major;
GREE, in our Law-Books, from the Frence Gre, \. 6t Will, Allowance, or liking; (ignifies Agreement, Con- tentment, or Good-liking. — Thus to make Gree to the Parties, is to fatisfy them for an Offence done. ' Judge-
- ment (hall be put in Sufpence, till the Gree be made to
- the King of his Debt, Stat. 25. Ed-w. 3. See Agree-
ment.
GREEK, Grecian, fomething belonging to the Peo- ple of Greece.
Greek, abfolutely fo called, or Greek Language, or antient Greek, is the Language fpoke by the antient Greeks, and ftill preferv'd in "the Works of their Authors, as 'Plato, Jriftotle, Ifccrates , 'Demofthenes, ThucydideSj Xenophon, Homer, Hefiod, Sophocles, Eurifides, &c. See Language.
The Greek has been preferved entire longer than any other Language known, maugre all the Revolutions that have happened in the Country where it was fpoke. See English.
Yet, from the Time of the Removal of the Seat of Empire to Conftantinople, in the 15th Century, it has been gradually altering : The Alterations at firft did not affect the Analogy of the Tongue, the Conftruction, Inflexions, £?£. There were only new Words, new Riches acquired, by taking in the Names of new Dignities and Offices, and the Terms of
Art'
