A visit to Posen in 1872, to Meran in 1873, and to Rome in the winter of 1873-4, failed to restore his health, broken by privations undergone in Poland during the insurrection, in which he took part in 1863, with the rank of officer. Honorary member of the Berlin Academy. Works: Return without the Master, Attack of Cossacks, Funeral in Polish Town (1868); Alarm-Shot, Reconnoitring, Spinning-Room in Poland, Duel on Horseback, The Train is Coming, Light-Horse Marching (1869); Return from the Chase, Spring Promenade (1870); Meeting before the Chase, On the Vistula, After the first Ball, Starting for the Chase, Hunting Scene (1871); Night Scene, Country Road in Poland, Ride through Beech-Grove, Polish Village Street, In front of Polish Inn (1872); Morning in Polish Camp, Moonlight Scene, Advance Guard Alarmed, Cossacks on the March (1873); Stag-Hunt in Eighteenth Century (1874), National Gallery, Berlin.—Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 150; Allgem. Zeitg., Aug. 27, 1872, Beilage, 240; Dioskuren (1874), 357; Kunst-Chronik, vi. 7; x. 440.
GIESSMANN, FRIEDRICH, born in
Leipsic, Dec. 31, 1810, died in Munich,
Sept. 27, 1847. History painter, pupil of
Dresden and Munich Academies, in the latter
under Julius Schnorr, from whose cartoons
he painted five great compositions in
the new Royal Palace. Works: Scenes from
Life of Charlemagne, Rudolph von Hapsburg,
and Frederick Barbarossa, and 4 other
pictures, Royal Palace, Munich; Prodigal
Son.—Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 166.
GIFFORD, FANNIE ELLIOT, born in
New Bedford, Mass., in 1844. Landscape
and bird painter; wife of Robert Swain
Gifford; studied at the Cooper Institute
schools, New York, and under Samuel Gerry
of Boston. Studio in New York.
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GIFFORD, ROBERT SWAIN, born on
the Island of Naushon, Gosnold, Mass., Dec.
23, 1840. Landscape painter and etcher;
studied in New Bedford under Albert van
Beest, marine painter, in 1864, and settled
in New York in 1866; made sketching
tours in California and Oregon in 1869, and
in Europe and
North Africa in
1870-71, and again
in 1874-75. Began
to paint in water-colours
in 1865,
and soon became
a prominent member
of the Water
Colour Society.
Elected an A.N.A.
in 1870, and N.A. in 1878. Works in oil:
Scene at Manchester (1867); Mount Hood—Oregon
(1870); Entrance to Moorish
House—Tangier, View of the Golden Horn
(1873); Halting for Water, Passenger Boats
on Nile (1874); Booth in Algeria, Rossetti
Garden—Cairo (1875); Freight Boat on
Nile, Egyptian Caravan (1876); Border of
the Desert (1877); Dartmouth Moors (1878);
Salters Beach (1879); Coast of New England
(1880); Hillside, Old Fields (1881); Non-*quitt
Cliff (1882); Near Zaandam—Holland,
Salt Marshes (1883); Point Road, Zuyder-Zee
(1884); On the Paskamansett, Shores
of Buzzard's Bay, Salt Mills at Dartmouth
(1885). Water-colours: Deserted Whaler
(1867); Autumn on the Sea-shore (1868);
Return from Philæ—Egypt (1871); Low
Tide, Old Fort (1874); Venetian Companion,
Guérande (1876); Evening in the Sahara,
Scene on the Campagna, Oasis of Filiarch—Algeria
(1877); On the Lagoon—Venice
(1878).—Am. Art Rev. (1880), 417.
GIFFORD, SANDFORD ROBINSON,
born at Greenfield, N.Y., July 10, 1823,
died in New York, Aug. 29, 1880. Landscape
painter, graduate of Brown University
in 1842; in 1844 went to New York, and
became pupil of J. R. Smith and of the
National Academy. Elected an A.N.A. in
1851, and N.A. in 1854. In 1855-57 studied
in Paris and Rome, and sketched in different
parts of Europe; in 1868-69 sketched in
Italy, Greece, Syria, and Egypt, and in 1870
in the Rocky Mountains. Works: Kauters-
