Academy of Le Sueur. After visiting Stralsund (1762), the Isle of Rügen, and Stockholm, he went to Paris in 1765, painted in Normandy, and rapidly acquired a name and wealth; with his brother, Johann Gottlieb, he went to Rome in 1768, and there established his fame by six pictures representing the Naval Battle at Tschesme and the Burning of the Turkish Fleet, painted by order of Catharine II. In 1772 he visited London, returned to Italy, and in 1786 became court-painter to the King of Naples, and enjoyed much distinction, until the revolution caused him to leave for Florence in 1799. He bought a villa at Careggi in 1803. Although one of the most noteworthy landscape painters of the 18th century, he was a clever mannerist, who by his many pictures attained to greater reputation than he deserved. Works: Italian Landscape, Cassel Gallery; He-Goat at a Brook (1776), Weimar Museum; Ideal Landscapes (2, 1782), Gotha Museum; Coast View with Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Italian Landscape (1794), Oldenburg Gallery. He had four brothers, all painters: Karl Ludwig (1740-1800), Johann Gottlieb (1744-73), Wilhelm (1748-80), and Georg Abraham (1755-1805). They followed their brother to Italy, where they often worked conjointly, and for many Englishmen, the Pope, the Emperor Joseph II., Catherine II., and the court of Naples.—Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 295; Brockhaus, viii. 688; Goethe, Phil. Hackert.
HADAMARD, AUGUSTE, born at Metz,
Dec. 1, 1823, died in 1886. Genre painter,
pupil of Delaroche. Works: Jewish Passover
Feast (1847); Interior of Studio; Baking-Room;
Forbidden Fruit (1869); Temptation;
Reprimand (1870); Between Cat
and Dog, The Absent (1872); Franc-Tireur
Watching; The Women and the Secret
(1874); Fée-aux-Mouettes, Fantasia (1883);
Good Little Corner, A Bad Character (1884);
Road to Switzerland, Evening Song (1885).
He illustrated Ch. Blanc's "Histoire des
peintres de toutes les écoles."
HADES, DESCENT INTO, Tintoretto, S.
Cassiano, Venice. "A somewhat haggard
Adam, a graceful Eve, two or three Venetians
in court dress, and a Satan represented
as a handsome youth, recognizable only by
the claws on his feet. Much injured and
little to be regretted." Painted in 1568.
Probably mostly scholars' work.—Ruskin,
Stones of Venice, iii. 290; Zanotto, 383.
HADRIAN, Roman Emperor (117-138
A.D.), amateur painter and sculptor. The
fulsome panegyrics of his admirers are no
evidence of his artistic ability.—Aurel. Vict.,
Epit. de Cæs., 14, 2; Dion Cas., lxix. 4.
HAECHT, TOBIAS VAN. See Verhaegt.
HAEFTEN, NICOLAAS VAN, sometimes
called Walraven, born at Gorcum (?), flourished
in 1677-1709. Dutch school; genre
and portrait painter, chiefly of scenes in low
life. Works: Scissors-Grinders at Cards,
Company in Tavern amused by Smoking
Monkey, Basle Museum; Fishseller (1704),
Suermondt Museum, Aix-la-Chapelle.
HAENSBERGEN (Haansberge), JOHANNES
VAN, born in Utrecht in 1642, died at
The Hague in 1705. Dutch school; landscape
and portrait painter, pupil of Poelenburg,
whom he imitated successfully. Works:
Diana and Callisto, Stuttgart Gallery; The
Man with the Skull, Augsburg Gallery; Portrait,
Berlin Museum; Annunciation to the
Shepherds, Adoration of the Shepherds,
Adoration of Magi, Assumption, Landscape,
Dresden Museum; Italian Landscapes (6),
St. John Preaching, Portrait of a Lady
(1686), Schwerin Gallery.—Immerzeel, ii.
4; Kramm, ii. 620.
HAERT, HENRICUS VAN DER, born
at Louvain about 1796, died in Ghent, Oct.
5, 1846. History and genre painter, pupil
of Ghent Academy, then of Jacquin and
David; in 1841 became professor and director
of Ghent Academy, which he thoroughly
reorganized. Works: Three Children
mourning their Mother's Death; Expulsion
of Hagar, Ghent Museum.—Immerzeel, ii.
7; Kramm, ii. 628.
HAFFTEN, KARL VON, born at Wismar,
Mecklenburg, Jan. 29, 1834. Landscape
painter, pupil of Munich Academy
