he improved through intercourse with Reinhardt, Koch, and Cornelius; after a short visit home, he passed six years in Italy, and then resided in Munich in 1830-45. In 1845 he painted four large altarpieces in Austria, before going again to Italy, whence he returned to his native town in 1850. Works: Youth at Nain; Magdalen; The Fisherman—after Goethe (1833); Madonna; Christ on Mount of Olives; Bathing Girls; Portraits of Baron von Aretin, of the painter Morgenstern, and many others; Scenes from Mediæval Life in German Castles; four great Altarpieces (1845); St. Geneviève in Prison; Genius with a Child; Mother and Child; Group of Italian Women.—Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 543; Cotta's Kunstbl. (1835), 58; Hamb. K. Lex.; Söltl.
HANTZSCH, JOHANN GOTTLIEB,
born at Neudorf, near Dresden, March 19,
1794, died in Dresden, April 3, 1848. Genre
painter, pupil of Dresden Academy and of
Rössler. He satirized the philistinism of
small towns and set forth the humourous
aspects of the school-room in his pictures.
Works: Saxon Peasant's Room; Village
School; Youth hath no Virtue; Sunday
Morning (1830), Leipsic Museum; At the
Dentist's (1839), National Gallery, Berlin.—Jordan
(1885), ii. 84.
HAPPEL, FRIEDRICH, born at Arnsberg,
Westphalia, May 23, 1825, died in
Düsseldorf, July 5, 1854. Animal painter,
brother of Peter Friedrich, pupil of the
Düsseldorf Academy in 1838-41. Works:
Foxes fighting about Dying Buck (1844);
Hounds, Foxes hunting Hares, Fighting
Stags (1851-52); Fox Family, Young Foxes
Playing, Young Foxes waiting for their
Parents (1853); Stag Calling (1854); Foxes
attacking Wounded Buck (1855).—Allgem.
d. Biogr., x. 552; Andresen, v. 197.
HAPPEL, PETER FRIEDRICH, born
at Arnsberg, Westphalia, March 26, 1813,
died in Düsseldorf, May 23, 1854. Landscape
painter, pupil from 1829 of the Düsseldorf
Academy under Schirmer. Opened
a studio in 1842 at Düsseldorf, which he left
only at intervals for study at Munich and in
the country. He has been called the painter
of German summer. Was secretary of the
Düsseldorf Artists' Association. Works:
View in Sauerland (1837); Mountain Landscape
in Rain (1839); View in Isar Valley
(1840); Maleiche (1842); Way to Village
(1847); Moorland (1848); Harvest Scene,
Mill (1850); View in the Eifel, Harvest,
with Procession, View in the Odenwald.—Allgem.
d. Biogr., x. 552.
HAPPY AS A KING, William Collins, J.
Clough, Liverpool; canvas, H. 2 ft. 3 in. × 2
ft. 11 in. Children swinging on a gate in
a wood. Painted in 1836; sold to Messrs.
Finden, 275 guineas. Repetition (1836) in
National Gallery, from Vernon Collection,
1847. Engraved by E. Finden, C. Cousen.—Wilkie
Collins, Memoirs, ii. 66, 349.
HAQUETTE, GEORGES, born in Paris;
contemporary. Genre and portrait painter,
pupil of Adolphe Millet and of Cabanel.
Medal, 3d class, 1880. Works: Wandering
Musicians (1876); At the Guardian's (1877);
Scene at Pollet near Dieppe (1878); Francine's
Muff, Interior at Pollet (1879); Wandering
Musicians in Norman Tavern; Fish-seller at
Dieppe (1880); Interior at Mother Panotte's,
Father Mazure (1881); Departure for Newfoundland,
At the Pier (1882); Right of Passage,
Expectation (1883); Salute at Calvary,
A Baptism (1884); The Signal (1884), Mrs.
M. J. Morgan, New York; Landing of Fishermen,
Blast of Wind (1885).—Bellier, i. 741.
HARBURGER, EDMUND, born at Eichstädt,
Bavaria, April 4, 1846. Genre painter,
pupil of Munich Academy under Lindenschmitt;
subjects mostly humourous. Works:
Beer-Drinker, Village Barber (1872); Contrasts
(1873); Senator (1874), Art Union,
Munich; Old and Young (1875); Education
of Bacchus (1876); Young Venetian Woman;
At the Silent Hearth (1883); Seamstress
(1884); Head Study, Saint Gall Museum.—Illustr.
Zeitg. (1873), ii. 246; Kunst-Chronik,
xx. 743.
HARDING, CHESTER, born at Conway,
Mass., Sept. 1, 1792, died in Boston, April
