horses, which he painted with great skill. Works: Attack of Saxon Dragoons (1796); March of Cossacks through Bohemia (1799); Twelve Pictures—The Riding School (1800-1807); Horses' Heads (1825).—Allgem. d. Biogr., vii. 296; Wurzbach, viii. 425.
HESS, LUDWIG, born in Zürich, Oct.
16, 1760, died there, April 13, 1800. Landscape
painter, studied entirely from nature;
visited Florence and Rome in 1794. Much
influenced by Salomon Gessner. Works:
Mont Blanc; Morning in the Alps; Evening
on Lago Maggiore; Grütli, Tell's Chapel;
collection of his best paintings (37) in Zürich
Gallery.—Allgem. d. Biogr., xii. 298; Joh.
Heinr. Meyer, Ludwig Hess (Zürich, 1800).
HESS, MAX, born in Munich, Oct. 15,
1825, died at Lippspringe, Westphalia, July
19, 1868. History painter, youngest son
and pupil of Peter; also studied in Paris
and Düsseldorf. Works: Puritans on Guard;
Italian Noblemen on a Veranda; Pillage of
a Monastery; Torchlight Procession at
Düsseldorf, 1857, painted for the Princes
of Hohenzollern; Portrait of the Opera-Singer
Kindermann.—Allgem. d. Biogr., xii.
299; Blanckarts, 30; Kunst-Chronik, iii.
171.
HESS, PETER VON, born in Düsseldorf,
July 29, 1792, died in Munich, April 4, 1871.
Genre and battle painter, son and pupil of
Karl Ernst Christoph Hess, and from 1806
at the Munich Academy; served in the
campaigns of 1813-15, visited Vienna, Switzerland,
and Italy (1818), accompanied King
Otho to Greece in 1833, and visited Russia
(1839) to make studies for a series of battle-*pieces
ordered by the Czar Nicolas. One
of the foremost modern painters of war life.
Founded with Quaglio the Art Union at
Munich. Bavarian court-painter and member
of the Berlin, Vienna, Munich, and St.
Petersburg Academies. Works: Battle of
Arcis-sur-Aube, Return of Bavarian Officers
(1813); Horsemen seeking Shelter, Cossack
Scenes (1814); Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
(1817); Abruzzi Peasants before an Inn,
Marino—a Robber—defending Himself,
Cossacks crossing the Rhine (1819); Defence
of a Bridge near Hanau (1820); Skirmish
between French and Austrian Cavalry, Austrian
Camp (1822); Plundering Cossacks
(1820), Sutler Scene, Feast of St. Leonhard
in Bavaria (1825), French Train-Wagon surprised
by Austrian Uhlans, Pallicares near
Athens (1829), National Gallery, Berlin;
Encounter at Wörgel in 1809, Skirmish near
Pass Strub in 1805, Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
(1828); Wallachian Horses, Entry of King
Otho into Nauplia (1835), do. into Athens,
The Robber Barbone and Family defending
themselves against Gendarmes, View of San
Marino, Rest before Inn, Train of Greek
Peasants on Sea-Coast, Chamois Hunter,
Italian Family at Tivoli, Battle of Austerlitz,
Scenes from Greek War of Independence
(40 oil sketches for frescos in Arcades
of Royal Garden), New Pinakothek, Munich;
Duck-Shooting on the Moor, Leipsic Museum;
Laying of Corner-Stone of Column of
Constitution; Landing of Greek Troops at
Nauplia; Battles of Smolensk, Poloczk, Wiasma,
Valutina Gora, Krasnoi, Klasigy, and
Borodino, Crossing of the Beresina (1839-55);
Battle of Leipsic (1854); Battle of Austerlitz
(1856).—Allgem. d. Biogr., xii. 300;
Brockhaus, ix. 180; Kunst-Chronik, vi. 116.
HESSE, ALEXANDRE (JEAN BAPTISTE),
born in Paris, Sept. 30, 1806,
died there, Aug. 7, 1879. History painter,
nephew and pupil of Auguste Hesse, and
pupil of Gros; studied the works of Paolo
Veronese at Venice, and formed his style
after that master. His pictures are much
admired for their skilful composition and
careful finish. Medals: 1st class, 1833; 2d
class, 1848; L. of Honour, 1842; Officer,
1868; Member of Institute, 1867. Works:
Titian's Funeral (1833); Leonardo da Vinci
letting loose some Birds (1836); Mower Girl
(1837), Girl carrying Fruit (1838), Venetian
Concert, Nantes Museum; Death of Brisson
(1840); Adoption of Godfrey de Bouillon
by Emperor Alexis Comnenus (1842), Versailles
Museum; Catalan Fishermen, Young
