- tion, Brescia, are characteristic specimens.
They show that he was educated under the influence of Foppa, Costa, and Francia, and hardly suggest that he was a contemporary of Titian and Pordenone.—C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 362; Vasari, xi. 263, N. 2.; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., ii. 607.
FERRARA, ERCOLE DA. See Grandi.
FERRARA, LODOVICO DA. See Mazzolino,
Lodovico.
FERRARI, DEFENDENTE DE, flourished
at Chivasso first half 16th century.
Lombard school; history painter, perhaps
pupil of Macrino d'Alba. Works: Altarpieces
(1519-21), Cathedral of Ivrea; Christ
in the Temple (1526), Stuttgart Gallery;
Altarpiece (1530), Marriage of St. Catherine,
Altarpiece in several compartments, Turin
Gallery; Nativity with Saints (1531), Church
of Ranverso; Pietà, Cathedral of Chivasso;
Adoration of Shepherds, Bergamo Gallery;
St. Catherine, Princess Charles of Darmstadt.—Morelli
(Richter), 413; Turin Gal.
Cat.; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 505.
FERRARI, FRANCESCO BIANCHI,
called Il Frari, born at Modena (?) in 1447,
died there, Feb. 8, 1510. Modenese school;
history painter, enjoyed great reputation in
Modena, where some excellent works of his
are still to be found. Supposed to have
been Correggio's first master. Works:
Madonna enthroned with Angels and Saints,
Louvre; Annunciation (1510, finished by
Scaccieri in 1512), Modena Gallery.—Ch.
Blanc, École lombarde; C. & C., N. Italy,
i. 373; Lanzi (Roscoe), ii. 346.
FERRARI, GAUDENZIO, born at Valduggia
in 1481, died in Milan in 1546 or
1547. Lombard-Milanese school. Called
by Vasari Gaudenzio Milanese; asserted
pupil of Stefano Scotto, Girolamo Giovenone,
and Perugino, whose influence is unmistakable
in Gaudenzio's fine altarpiece
(1514-15) in S. Gaudenzio, Novara. Affected
also by Raphael, whose fellow-student
he had been, and by Leonardo da Vinci, his
later style acquired life and energy. He
had considerable power of expression, and
used colour harmoniously, especially in his
frescos, but he was at times capricious
and extravagant, and his compositions are
often overcrowded and wanting in beauty
of arrangement. He painted many works
at Varallo, in 1504, 1513, 1524, and 1531,
the earliest of which are in S. M. di Loreto,
and S. Marco, the best in S. M. delle Grazie,
where he decorated the choir with scenes
from the Passion, and painted the Presentation
in the Temple, Christ among the
Doctors, and other subjects in chapels at
the Sacro Monte. In 1516 he went to Rome
and is said to have worked in the Farnesina
with Raphael, after whose death he was associated
with Giulio Romano and Perino del
Vaga. Other frescos by Ferrari may be seen
in the Brera, Milan, and in the Pilgrims'
Church at Saronno, where he painted in
1534, as also a Flagellation in S. M. delle
Grazie, Milan. His last fresco (1542) is in
S. Giuliano, on an island in the Lago d'Orta.
Among his pictures are the Baptism of Christ,
S. Celso, Milan; Martyrdom of S. Catherine,
Brera, Milan; Christ bearing the Cross, Canobbio;
Last Supper (1543, unfinished), S.
M. della Passione, Milan; S. Peter and Donor,
Entombment, Turin Gallery, Madonna,
Oldenburg Gallery; St. George, and St.
Anthony of Padua, Historical Society, New
York.—Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 652; vi. 518;
ed. Le Mon., vi. 58; viii. 248; xi. 275;
Burckhardt, 705; Lanzi, i. 399; ii. 496;
Ch. Blanc, École milanaise; Lübke, Gesch.
ital. Mal., ii. 461.
FERRARI, GIOVANNI ANDREA DE',
born in Genoa in 1598, died there in 1669.
Genoese school; pupil of Bernardo Castello
and of Bernardo Strozzi. Won reputation
as an historical and portrait painter; many
works in the churches and palaces of Genoa.
Became an ecclesiastic in old age. Was an
able teacher and the master of Benedetto
Castiglione, Valerio Castello, and Carbone.—Lanzi,
iii. 267; Ch. Blanc, École génoise;
Burckhardt, 779.
FERRARI, GIULIO CESARE, born at
Bologna in 1818. History and portrait
