of Oxen in Thunderstorm (1864); Little Thatched Cottage; Cavalry attack at Custozza; Wood Interior near Fontainebleau; Environs of Naples (1868); Goats of the Abruzzi, Montpellier Museum; Buffaloes near Pæstum (1873); Road of San Germano near Monte Cassino (1876); Three Donkey-Drivers in a Shower (1878); Pasture (1884); In the Mountains, Evening (1885); Boars in Fontainebleau Forest, Wood-Cutters, (1886); Landscape with Cattle, August Belmont, New York; Sheep leaving the Fold, D. W. Powers, Rochester; Roman Campagna, Fairman Rogers, Philadelphia. A third brother, Nicola, landscape painter, died in 1870; a fourth, Francesco Paolo, genre painter, lived a long time in Paris with Giuseppe, and died in Naples in 1871.—L'Art (1878), iii. 100; L'Illustrazione italiana (1876); Meyer, Conv. Lex., xvii. 664; Meyer, Gesch., 760; Müller, 405.
PALKO (Palcko), FRANZ ANTON, born
at Breslau, died in Vienna in 1760. German
school; history and portrait painter,
son and pupil of Kaspar Palko (died at Presburg,
Hungary, in 1745); settled and married
in Brünn, Moravia, where he painted
many portraits; later went to Dresden, and
thence to Vienna. Works: SS. Francis Xavier
and Ignatius, St. Salvator's, Vienna; St.
Stephen, St. Stephen's, ib.; Portraits of Maria
Theresa, Emperor Francis I., Stephen,
Joseph II.—Hormayr, Archiv (1817), 371;
Wurzbach, xxi. 224.
PALKO, FRANZ KARL, born at Breslau
in 1724, died in Prague in 1767. German
school; history painter, brother and pupil
in Presburg of the preceding, then of the
Vienna Academy; won the grand prize, and
studied in Venice after the old masters; returned
to Presburg, became court-painter
in Dresden in 1752, and in Munich in 1764,
whence he went to Prague. Works: Judith
and Holofernes; Christ on Mount of Olives,
St. Salvator's, Presburg; Redemption of
Christian Prisoners from Turkish Slavery,
Trinity Church, ib.; St. John, Hofkirche,
Dresden; Ignatius of Loyola, Schleissheim
Gallery; Holy Family, Vienna Museum.—Hormayr,
Archiv (1817), 371; Wurzbach,
xxi. 224.
PALLIÈRE, VINCENT LÉON, born at
Bordeaux, July 19, 1787, died there, Dec.
29, 1820. History and genre painter, pupil
of his father and of Vincent; won the
grand prix in 1812, and spent five years
in Rome. His pictures are remarkable for
the grace and simplicity of the figures, good
colour, and lightness of touch. Medal, 1st
class, 1819. Works: Ulysses killing the
Suitors (1812); Prometheus Bound; Flagellation
of Christ, Trinità de' Monti, Rome;
Nymph quitting her Bath (1819), Amiens
Museum; Tobias restoring his Father's
Sight (1819), Bordeaux Museum; St. Peter
healing a Lame Man, St. Séverin, Paris;
Shepherd Resting, Bordeaux Museum; Juno
borrowing Venus's Belt (1819); Scourging
of Christ, Trinità de' Monti, Rome.—Bellier,
ii. 195; Biographie univ.
PALM, GUSTAF VILHELM, born at
Christianstad, March 14, 1810. Landscape
painter, pupil of Stockholm Academy; travelled
in Sweden and Norway, Germany,
Switzerland, and Italy; lived for eleven
years in Rome, then visited France (1855)
and England. Member of Stockholm and
Venice Academies; Order of Vasa, 1867.
Works: View in Sabine Mountains (1847);
Roman Campagna (1847), H. Stouth, New
York; Naples and Roman Landscape (1848);
Sicilian Landscapes, Views of Naples and
Venice (1849); Civita Castellana; Colosseum
(1855); Ritterholm Church in Stockholm;
Canal Grande (1860), Stockholm
Museum.—Müller, 405.
PALMA, GIACOMO, called Palma Vecchio
(the elder), born at Serinalta (?), near
Bergamo, about 1480, died in Venice, Aug.
8, 1528. Venetian school; called Il Vecchio
(the elder) to distinguish him from his nephew
Giacomo. He learned the elements from
Venetian masters, was an original rather
than an imitator, and shared with Giorgione
and Titian the honour of advancing Venetian
art to its highest level. Though not
