Austria, in 1881 or 1882. Marine painter, self-taught, studying nature in Hungary, and in 1846 in Italy; spent one year in Rome and returned to Vienna, where he obtained many orders; has visited South America, the islands of the Pacific, and travelled through nearly the whole continent of North America. Court painter in 1865. Works: Storm and Shipwreck at Cape Horn (1854), Vienna Museum; In the Lagoons of Venice (1857); Naval Battle off Helgoland (1864); do. off Lissa (1866); Moonlight on Coast; Ship in Breakers; Lake of Hallstadt; Shipwrecked People; Stormy Evening on Traun Lake; Coast of Normandy (1873); Coast of Sorrento.—Wurzbach, xxiv. 58.
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PUVIS DE CHAVANNES, PIERRE,
born in Lyons,
Dec. 14,
1824. History
and
genre painter,
pupil of
Henri Scheffer
and of
Couture.
Leaving the
beaten track,
he sought to
revive the monumental painting of the Renaissance.
His works, though wanting in
organic cohesion, precise drawing, energetic
modelling, and colour, are redeemed by a
certain grandeur, clearness of thought, and
novelty of invention. Like all would-be
reformers, this painter has been heartily
abused by the critics and excessively
praised by his admirers. Medals: 2d class,
1861; medal, 1864; 3d class, 1867; of honour,
1882; L. of Honour, 1867; Officer,
1877. Works: Return from Chase (1859),
Marseilles Museum; Work, Rest (1863);
Autumn (1864); Peace, War (1861); Ave
Picardia Nutrix (1865), Amiens Museum;
Vigilance, Fancy (1866); Sleep (1867); Massilia
the Greek Colony, Marseilles the Gate
of the East (1869), Marseilles Museum; Beheading
of John Baptist, Magdalen in Desert
(1870); Hope (1872); Summer (1873),
Chartres Museum; Charles Martel Saviour
of Christendom (1874), Poitiers Museum;
Radegonda protecting Poetry and Literature
from Barbarism (1875), Hotel de Ville, Poitiers;
St. Geneviève as a Child, St. Germain,
and St. Geneviève, Pantheon, Paris; Fisherman's
Family (1876); Prodigal Son, Girls
by Sea-Shore (1879); Poor Fisherman
(1881); Young Men of Picardy practising
with Lance (1882); Dream (1883); The
Sacred Grove (1884); Autumn (1885); Antique
Vision, Christian Inspiration, The
Rhône and
the Saône
(1886).—Bellier, ii. 327; Claretie, Peintres,
v. 189; Hamerton, Painting in France; Gaz.
des B. Arts (1876), xiii. 694; Ch. Blanc,
Artistes de mon Temps, 475; Meyer, Gesch.,
613; Mag. of Art (1885), 61.
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PUYROCHE, ELISE, née Wagner, born in Dresden, March 31, 1828. Flower painter, sister of Adelheid Salles, pupil at Lyons, where she resides, of Simon St. Jean, whose harmony of colour she acquired, surpassing him in modelling and tasteful arrangement. In the Dresden Museum is by her: The Torn Wreath (1850).—Gaz. des B. Arts (1860).
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PYNACKER, ADAM, born at Pynacker,
near Delft, in 1621,
died in Amsterdam,
buried March 28,
1673. Dutch
school; landscape
painter, went to
Italy very young
and remained there
three years. He
approaches Jan
Both, and while inferior to him in the taste
and grandeur of his conception of Italian
nature, surpasses him in variety. Works:
Landscapes (4), Historical Society, New
York; Rocky Coast on Mediterranean, Mr.
Munro, London; Lofty Bridge Sunlit, Mr.
Baring, ib.; Recesses of a Forest, National
Gallery, Edinburgh; Sea Coast with Tower
and Vessels, Muleteer before Tavern, Land-
