a River (1624), four others, National Museum, Amsterdam; Christ and the Magdalen, Rotterdam Museum; The Flood, six others, Cassel Gallery; four in Brunswick Museum; Forge of Vulcan (figures by Van Balen), Feast of Bacchus (figures by Rottenhammer), St. Hubert (figures by Rubens), The Paradise, Still life, Berlin Museum; Landscapes (dated 1604, 1605 (3), 1608 (3), 1611 (2), 1612, 1613), twenty-two others, Dresden Gallery; Flora (figures by Rubens), Landscapes (1598, 1599, 1609, 1610, 1612, 1615, 1616, 1620), eighteen others, Old Pinakothek, Munich; Adoration of the Magi (1598), The Four Elements (1604, figures by Rottenhammer), Bouquet (1625), four others, Vienna Museum; Landscapes (7), Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Christ on Lake Genesareth (1595), Landscapes with Hermits (1595, 1596, 1597), Abundance (1605), Bouquet (1608), Daniel in Lion's Den (1608), Fire and Water (1610, 1611), Ambrosiana, Milan. His son Ambrosius (born Aug. 10, 1617, died Feb. 9, 1675), was a distinguished flower painter; pupil of his brother Jan, the younger.—Allgem. d. Biog., iii. 403; Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii. 26; Ch. Blanc, École flamande; Cat. du Musée d'Anvers (1874), 304; Dohme, 1i.; J. van der Kellen, i. 220; Michiel, v. 351; Riegel, Beiträge, ii. 40; Rooses (Reber), 127.
BRUEGHEL, JAN, the younger, born in
Antwerp, baptized Sept. 13, 1601, died after
1677. Flemish school; son and pupil of
Velvet Brueghel; went to Italy in 1622,
returned in 1625, little influenced by Italian
art. Like his father, he remained essentially
Flemish. He was for a long time unjustly
ignored, as many of his pictures
were attributed to his father. Rubens,
Van Diepenbeeck, Van Tulden, and Van Balen
often supplied the figures in his landscapes.
Works: Halt in front of an Inn
(1641), Landscape, Tower on Seashore
(1642), Dresden Gallery.—Biog. nat. de Belgique,
iii. 34; Ch. Blanc, École flamande;
Dohme, 1i.; Michiels, v. 370.
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BRUEGHEL, PEETER, the elder, called
Boeren (Peasant) Brueghel, born at Brueghel,
near
Breda, about
1525-1530,
died in Brussels
about
1570. Flemish
school; pupil
of Pieter
Koeck van
Aalst, and of
Hieronymus
Cock, and greatly influenced by the works
of Hieronymus Bosch, whose subjects he imitated;
became master of the guild in Antwerp
in 1551, and shortly after went to
Italy; after his return lived at Antwerp
until 1563, then settled at Brussels. Painted
chiefly scenes from peasant life, which
he treated from a realistic and humorous
point of view, not always avoiding coarseness;
also some scriptural subjects and
ghost and incantation scenes, in the manner
of Bosch. Left a great number of masterly
drawings, and some etchings made on his
travels. Works: Triumph of Death, Madrid
Museum; Landscape, Village Dance,
Louvre, Paris; Job on his Dunghill, Douai
Museum; Village Feast, Nancy Museum;
Massacre of the Innocents, Brussels Museum;
Christ on Lake Genesareth, Seaport,
two Landscapes, Cassel Gallery; St. John
preaching, Basle Museum; do., and Peasants'
Frolic, Old Pinakothek, Munich; do.,
and Peasants' Brawl, Dresden Gallery; Contest
between Carnival and Lent (1559), Children's
Frolic (1560), Massacre of the Innocents,
Christ bearing the Cross (1563), Tower
of Babel (1563), four others, Museum, Vienna;
St. John preaching, Dance of Death,
The Blind leading the Blind, and others,
Liechtenstein Gallery, ib.; The Blind leading
the Blind (1568), Naples Museum; Christ
bearing his Cross, Uffizi, Florence.—Allgem.
d. Biog., iii. 400; Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii.
19; Ch. Blanc, École flamande; Dohme, 1i.;
Michiels, v. 321; Rooses (Reber), 75.
