Four Cantons (1842), Schreckhorn and Wetterhorn, Basle Museum; Waterfall near Meyringen, Berne Gallery; Lake of Lucerne (1853), Mountain Valley (1865), Berlin Museum.—Ch. Blanc, École allemande; Brockhaus, iii. 826; Meyer, Conv. Lex. (1875), iv. 78; Larousse.
CALAME, (JEAN BAPTISTE) ARTHUR,
born in Geneva in 1843. Landscape painter;
son and pupil of Alexandre, and in
1864-66 at the Düsseldorf Academy under
Oswald Achenbach; travelled in Italy, and
paints chiefly Italian landscapes and marine
subjects. Works: Harbour on Mediterranean,
Coast after Storm, Bay of Naples, Lake
Lucerne, Coast of Bordighera.—Müller, 91.
CALATES, painter of comic subjects in
little, lived soon after time of Alexander.—Pliny,
xxxv. 37 [114]; R.-R., Schorn, 240.
CALCAR, JAN VAN. See Kalkar, Hans
von.
CALDARA, POLIDORO. See Caravaggio,
Polidoro da.
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CALDERON, PHILIP HERMOGENES,
born at Poitiers,
France, May 3, 1833.
Subject and portrait
painter, of Spanish descent;
pupil of J. M.
Leigh, London, in
1850, of Picot, Paris,
in 1851-52, and of
Leigh again in 1853-54.
Exhibited first
picture, By the Waters of Babylon, at Royal
Academy in 1853. Elected an A.R.A. in
1864, and R.A. in 1867. Other works:
Broken Vows (1857); Gaoler's Daughter
(1858); Nevermore (1860); Demande en
Mariage, Releasing Prisoners on the Young
Heir's Birthday (1861); After the Battle
(1862); British Embassy in Paris on Night
of St. Bartholomew (1863); Her Most High,
Noble, and Puissant Grace (1866); Home
after Victory (1867); Young Lord Hamlet,
Œnone (1868); Sighing his Soul into his
Lady's Face (1869); Spring petting Winter,
Catherine de Lorraine and Jacques Clément
(1870); The New Picture (1871); Good
Night, Moonlight Serenade (1873); Queen
of the Tournament (1874); Toujours Fidèle
(1875); His Reverence (1876); Joan of Arc,
Constance (1877); La Gloire de Dijon (1878);
Summer Breezes, Twilight (1879); The
Olive, The Vine, Captives of his Bow and
Spear (1880); Flowers of the Earth (1881);
Dymphna, Faithful Heart, Joyous Summer
(1883); Morning (1885).—Meynell, 235;
Portfolio (1870), 97.
CALIARI. See Cagliari.
CALIGULA'S PALACE AND BRIDGE,
Joseph M. W. Turner, National Gallery,
London; canvas, H. 4 ft. 8 in. × 8 ft. 2 in.
Caligula, to confute a prophecy of Thrasyllus—that
he would no more be emperor than
he could drive his chariot over the Bay
of Baiæ—built a bridge of boats from
the mole at Puteoli across the bay, about
three Roman miles, and rode and drove
over it. Turner has assumed that the
bridge was constructed on arches. On the
left are magnificent ruins of Caligula's palace,
with the bridge across the bay in the
middleground; on the right, in distance,
Baiæ. Royal Academy, 1831. Engraved by
E. Goodall in Turner Gallery.
CALISTO DA LODI. See Piazza.
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CALLCOTT, Sir AUGUSTUS WALL,
born at Kensington,
Feb. 20, 1779,
died there, Nov.
25, 1844. Chorister
boy for several
years in Westminster
Abbey; pupil
of John Hoppner;
became a
portrait painter,
and executed many figure pieces, such as
Raphael and the Fornarina (1837), and Milton
with his Daughters (1840). But it is as
a landscape painter that he will be chiefly
remembered. As such, he ranks among the
best contemporaries of Turner and Constable,
though he stands at a respectful distance
from either in point of originality and
