DAWN AND THE DONS 135
used mats of tules, woven by the Indians. The dress for church wear was extremely simple, and always of black, the material being inexpensive, and made up in much the same style for rich and poor. One of the lessons taught by the padres was that “all ranks of men and women are alike in the presence of the Creator,” and so at morning service no finery was worn. The homes of Spanish Monterey were marked by simplicity, but everything about them was kept scrupulously neat and clean; and
the same
rule applied
to
wearing apparel and household furnishings. “Objects of pride with the California housewife,” says Richman, “were the family garments, stitched and embroidered to a nicety; but objects of extreme pride were the beds. Not less than luxurious must they be, with ticks filled with down, silken counterpanes, and satin pillows, edged with
lace or embroidery.” The wide verandas that faced the patio were the real living rooms, where much of the family activity was carried on. Kitchen work, other than cooking, was done here; babies slept, played and were bathed; Senoritas took their naps, said their prayers, and gossiped over their lace-making; and the master of the house smoked,
dozed, and chatted with his dark-eyed sons here. veranda
was
also the family
council-chamber,
The where daughters were given in marriage, and the settlement of wedding portions was arranged. Here servants were admonished, instructions for the day given to the Major Domo, and Jos muchachos were reprimanded when oc-
