Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1827) Vol 1.djvu/110

This page needs to be proofread.

86

THE DECLINE AND FALL

CHAP. III.
_____pricious and inconstant. Augustus summoned to his aid whatever remained in those fierce minds, of Roman prejudices ; enforced the rigour of discipUne by the sanction of law; and interposing the majesty of the senate between the emperor and the army, boldly claimed their allegiance, as the first magistrate of the republic^[1].

Their obedience.During a long period of two hundred and twenty years, from the establishment of this artful system to the death of Commodus, the dangers inherent to a military government were, in a great measure, suspended. The soldiers were seldom roused to that fatal sense of their own strength, and of the weakness of the civil authority, which was, before and afterwards, productive of such dreadful calamities. Caligula and Domitian were assassinated in their palace by their own domestics : the convulsions which agitated Rome on the death of the former, were confined to the walls of the city : but Nero involved the whole empire in his ruin. . In the space of eighteen months, four princes perished by the sword ; and the Roman world was shaken by the fury of the contending armies. Excepting only this short though violent eruption of military licence, the two centuries from Augustus to Commodus passed away unstained with civil blood, and undisturbed by revolutions. The emperor was elected by the authority of the senate and the consent of the soldiers^[2]. The legions respected their oath of fidelity; and it requires a minute inspection of the Roman annals to discover three inconsiderable rebelhons, which were all suppressed in a few months, and without even the hazard of a battled^[3].

↑ Augustus restored the ancient severity of discipline. After the civil wars, he dropped the endearing name of fellow-soldiers, and called them only soldiers. Sueton. in August, c. 25. See the use Tiberius made of the senate in the mutiny of the Pannonian legions. Tacit. Annal. i.
↑ These words seem to have been the constitutional language. See Tacit. Annal. xiii. 4.
↑ The first was Caraillus Scribonianus, who took up arms ia Dalmatia against Claudius, and was deserted by his own troops in five days. The second, L. Antonius, in Germany, who rebelled against Domitian ; and the third, Avidius Cassius, in the reign of M. Antoninus. The two last reigned but a few months, and were cut off by their own adherents. We may observe, that both Camillus and Cassius coloured their ambition with the design of restoring the republic ; a task, said Cassius, peculiarly reserved for his name and family.

[1] Augustus restored the ancient severity of discipline. After the civil wars, he dropped the endearing name of fellow-soldiers, and called them only soldiers. Sueton. in August, c. 25. See the use Tiberius made of the senate in the mutiny of the Pannonian legions. Tacit. Annal. i.

[2] These words seem to have been the constitutional language. See Tacit. Annal. xiii. 4.

[3] The first was Caraillus Scribonianus, who took up arms ia Dalmatia against Claudius, and was deserted by his own troops in five days. The second, L. Antonius, in Germany, who rebelled against Domitian ; and the third, Avidius Cassius, in the reign of M. Antoninus. The two last reigned but a few months, and were cut off by their own adherents. We may observe, that both Camillus and Cassius coloured their ambition with the design of restoring the republic ; a task, said Cassius, peculiarly reserved for his name and family.

[1]

[2]

[3]