CHAP. V.
_____Rome at the end of thirty days, and, without suffering himself to be elated by this easy victory, prepared to
encounter his more formidable rivals.
Success of Severus against Niger, and against Albinus.The uncommon abilities and fortune of Severus have induced an elegant historian to compare him with the first and greatest of the Caesars[1]. The parallel is, at least, imperfect. Where shall we find, in the character of Severus, the commanding superiority of soul, the generous clemency, and the various genius, which could reconcile and unite the love of pleasure, the thirst of knowledge, and the fire of ambition[2]? In one instance only, they may be compared, with some degree of propriety, in the celerity of their motions, and their civil victories. In less than four years[3], Severus subdued the riches of the east, and the valour of the west. He vanquished two competitors of reputation and ability, and defeated numerous armies, provided with weapons and discipline equal to his own. In that age, the art of fortification, and the principles of tactics, were well understood by all the Roman generals ; and the constant superiority of Severus was that of an artist, who uses the same instruments with more skill and industry than his rivals. I shall not, however, enter into a minute narrative of these military operations ; but as the two civil wars, against Niger and against Albinus, were almost the same in their conduct, event, and consequences, I shall collect into one point of view, the most striking circumstances, tending to develope the character of the conqueror, and the state of the empire.
Conduct of the two civil wars.Falsehood and insincerity, unsuitable as they seem to the dignity of public transactions, offend us with a less degrading idea of meanness, than when they are- ↑ Herodian, 1. iii. p. 112.
- ↑ Though it is not, most assuredly, the intention of Lucan to exalt the character of Caesar, yet the idea he gives of that hero, in the tenth book of the Pharsalia, where he describes him, at the same time, making love to Cleopatra, sustaining a siege against the power of Egypt, and conversing with the sages of the country, is, in reality, the noblest panegyric.
- ↑ Reckoning from his election, April 13, J 93. to the death of Albinus, February 19, 197. See Tillemont's Chronology.
