Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1827) Vol 1.djvu/176

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152

THE DECLINE AND FALL

CHAP. VI.
_____second, he sought only to connect himself with some favourite of fortune ; and as soon as he had discovered that a young lady of Emesa in Syria had a royal nativity, he solicited and obtained her hand^[1]. Julia Domna (for that was her name) deserved all that the stars could promise her. She possessed, even in an advanced age, the attractions of beauty^[2], and united to a lively imagination a firmness of mind, and strength of judgement, seldom bestowed on her sex. Her amiable qualities never made any deep impression on the dark and jealous temper of her husband ; but in her son's reign, she administered the principal affairs of the empire with a prudence that supported his authority, and with a moderation that sometimes corrected his wild extravagancies^[3]. Julia applied herself to letters and philosophy with some success, and with the most splendid reputation. She was the patroness of every art, and the friend of every man of genius^[4]. The grateful flattery of the learned has celebrated her virtues ; but, if we may credit the scandal of ancient history, chastity was very far from being the most conspicuous virtue of the empress Julia^[5].

Their two sons, Caracalla and Geta.Two sons, Caracalla^[6] and Geta, were the fruit of this marriage, and the destined heirs of the empire. The fond hopes of the father, and of the Roman world, were soon disappointed by these vain youths, who displayed the indolent security of hereditary princes; and a presumption that fortune would supply the place of merit and application. Without any emulation of virtue or talents, they discovered, almost from their infancy, a fixed and implacable antipathy

↑ Hist. August, p. 65.
↑ Ibid. p. 85.
↑ Dion Cassius, 1. Ixxvii. p. 1304. 1314.
↑ See a dissertation of Menage, at the end of his edition of Diogenes Laertius, de Foeminis Philosophis.
↑ Dion, 1. Ixxvi. p. 1285 ; Aurelius Victor.
↑ * Bassianus was his first name, as it had been that of his maternal grandfather. During his reign he assumed the appellation of Antoninus, which is employed by lawyers and ancient historians. After his death the public indignation loaded him with the nicknames of Tarantus and Caracalla. The first was borrowed from a celebrated gladiator, the second from a long Gallic gown which he distributed to the people of Rome.

[1] Hist. August, p. 65.

[2] Ibid. p. 85.

[3] Dion Cassius, 1. Ixxvii. p. 1304. 1314.

[4] See a dissertation of Menage, at the end of his edition of Diogenes Laertius, de Foeminis Philosophis.

[5] Dion, 1. Ixxvi. p. 1285 ; Aurelius Victor.

[6] * Bassianus was his first name, as it had been that of his maternal grandfather. During his reign he assumed the appellation of Antoninus, which is employed by lawyers and ancient historians. After his death the public indignation loaded him with the nicknames of Tarantus and Caracalla. The first was borrowed from a celebrated gladiator, the second from a long Gallic gown which he distributed to the people of Rome.

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