Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1827) Vol 1.djvu/254

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230

THE DECLINE AND FALL

CHAP. VII.
_____illuminated with innumerable lamps and torches. Slaves and strangers were excluded from any participation in these national ceremonies. A chorus of twenty-seven youths and as many virgins, of noble families, and whose parents were both alive, implored the propitious gods in favour of the present, and for the hope of the rising generation ; requesting, in religious hymns, that, according to the faith of their ancient oracles, they would still maintain the virtue, the fehcity, and the empire of the Roman people^[1]. The magnificence of Phihp's shows and entertainments dazzled the eyes of the multitude. The devout were employed in the rites of superstition, whilst the reflecting few revolved in their anxious minds the past history and the future fate of the empire.

Decline of the Roman empire.Since Romulus, with a small band of shepherds and outlaws, fortified himself on the hills near the Tiber, ten centuries had already elapsed^[2]. During the four first ages, the Romans, in the laborious school of poverty, had acquired the virtues of war and government: by the vigorous exertion of those virtues, and by the assistance of fortune, they had obtained, in the course of the three succeeding centuries, an absolute empire over many countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The last three hundred years had been consumed in apparent prosperity and internal decline. The nation of soldiers, magistrates, and legislators, who composed the thirty-five tribes of the Roman people, was dissolved into the common mass of mankind, and confounded with the millions of servile provincials who had received the name, without adopting the spirit of Romans. A mercenary army, levied among the subjects and barbarians of the frontier, was the only order of men who preserved and abused their inde-

↑ The idea of the secular games is best understood from the poem of Horace, and the description of Zosimus, 1. ii. p. 167, etc.
↑ The received calculation of Varro assigns to the foundation of Rome an era that corresponds with the seven hundred and fifty-fourth year before Christ. But so little is the chronology of Rome to be depended on in the more early ages, that sir Isaac Newton has brought the same event as low as the year 627.

[1] The idea of the secular games is best understood from the poem of Horace, and the description of Zosimus, 1. ii. p. 167, etc.

[2] The received calculation of Varro assigns to the foundation of Rome an era that corresponds with the seven hundred and fifty-fourth year before Christ. But so little is the chronology of Rome to be depended on in the more early ages, that sir Isaac Newton has brought the same event as low as the year 627.

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